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1、淮北师范大学信息学院 2014 届学士学位论文 德伯家的苔丝中苔丝悲剧成因分析系 别: 外 语 系 专 业: 英 语 学 号: 20101843021 姓 名: 指 导 教 师: 张 立 友 指导教师职称: 讲 师 2014年 5 月 15 日Information College, Huaibei Normal UniversityA Study on the Causes of Tess Tragedy in Tess of the DUrbervilles byUnderthe Supervision of Lecturer Zhang LiyouSubmitted to the For
2、eign Language Department in PartialFulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of ArtsinEnglish Language and Literature Huaibei, P. R. ChinaMay, 2014ii淮北师范大学信息学院本科生毕业论文（设计）诚信承诺书本人郑重承诺所呈交的毕业论文（设计） 德伯家的苔丝中苔丝悲剧成因分析 ，是在指导教师 张立友 的指导下严格按照学校和学院有关规定完成的。本人在毕业论文（设计）中引用他人的观点和参考资料均加以注释和说明。本人承诺在毕业
3、论文（设计）选题和研究内容过程中没有抄袭他人的研究成果和伪造相关数据等行为，若有抄袭行为，由本人承担一切责任。 承诺人： 2010 年级 英语 专业 签 名： 2014 年 6 月 6 日iii Abstract Tess of the DUrbervilles is regarded as a masterpiece of Thomas Hardy, one of the greatest English novelists and poetrys.In this novel, Hardy exposes the hypocritical social morals and capitali
4、sms destruction to country civilization, after the capitalism invading the British villages in Victorian age.The thesis intends to analysis the causes of Tess tragedy from three perspectives: firstly, it analyses that Tess tragedy is a reflection of Hardys fatalism. He arranged a series of coinciden
5、ces to reflect his fatalism, and this implies that Tess tragedy is inevitable; secondly, it analyses the social factors influence on Tess tragic fate. The capitalism invasion leads to the plight of the poor peasants and the hypocritical traditional morals lead to her tragedy; and thirdly, it analyse
6、s her lackness of Tess character, her comprise, too high sense of responsibility for her family and innocence,sincerity,all these cause her tragedy, and her conservative moral values is also one cause of the tragedy. Through analyzing Tess tragedy from the three perspectives of fatalism, social fact
7、ors and her character, the thesis reveals womans real emotion and tragic fate after the British countryside has been invaded by the capitalism in Victorian age. Key Words: Thomas Hardy, Tragedy, Causes, Tess摘要 德伯家的苔丝是19世纪英国伟大的小说家、诗人托马斯哈代的代表作。在这篇小说中，哈代通过描写农村姑娘苔丝的悲惨命运，揭示了维多利亚时代虚伪的社会道德观和资本主义对于乡村文明的破坏。这
8、篇论文从三个方面分析苔丝悲剧的成因，首先分析了苔丝的悲惨命运是哈代宿命论的体现，哈代安排了一系列的巧合事件来体现他的宿命论，揭示了苔丝的悲剧的不可避免性;其次分析了苔丝悲剧的社会因素，资本主义入侵英国农村，导致农民们生活贫困，以及传统的社会道德观导致了苔丝的悲惨命运；论文最后分析了苔丝的性格缺陷，苔丝的妥协，以及她对家庭过高的责任心，天真、幼稚的性格导致了苔丝的悲惨命运。 论文通过哈代的宿命论，社会因素，苔丝性格三个方面分析苔丝悲惨命运的成因，揭示了维多利亚时期的资本主义入侵后，农村女性的真实情感和悲剧命运。关键词：托马斯哈代；悲剧；成因；苔丝 ContentsAbstract.IChapte
9、r One Introduction.1Chapter Two Hardys Fatalism in Tess Tragedy.3 I. The Formation of Hardys Fatalism.3 II.Hardys Fatalism Reflected in Tess Tragedy.4Chapter Three The Social Factors to Tess Tragedy.6 I. The Invasion of Capitalism.6 II.The Social Morality and Its Influences on Tess.7 A. The Hypocrit
10、ical Social Morality.7 B. The Influences of Moralism on Tess.8Chapter Four Tess Character Leading to Her Tragedy.10 I.Tess Compromise.10 II.Tess Conservative Moral Values.11 III.Tess High Sense of Responsibility for Her Family.12 IV.Tess Innocence and Sincerity.12Chapter Five Conclusion.14Works Cite
11、d.15IIIChapter One Introduction Thomas Hardy (1840-1928), “is last one of the greatest of Victorian novelists. He was born in the center of the Wessex which later figured in his works.”（吴伟仁312）.He started writing long novels at the beginning of 1870 when the British capitalism had invaded the villages. He is a cold, serious realistic wri
