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1、第十二篇Fast food outlets could provide statin drugs free of chargeso that customers can reduce the heart disease dangers of fatty food, researchers at Imperial College Londonsuggest in a newstudy Statins reduce the amount of unhealthy ”LDL” cholesterol in the blood. A wealth of trial data has proven th
2、em to be highly effective at lowering a persons heart attack risk . In a paper published in the American Journal of Cardiology，Dr Darrel Francis and colleagues calculate that the reduction in heart attack risk offered by a statin isenough to offset the increase in heart attack risk from eating a che
3、eseburger and drinking a milkshake Dr Francis，from the National Heart and Lung Institute at Imperial College London，who is the senior author of the study, said:”Statins dont cut out a11 of the unhealthyeffects of cheeseburgers and French friesIts better to avoid fatty food altogetherBut weve worked
4、out that in terms of your possibility of having a heart attack. Taking a statin can reduce your risk to more or less the same degree as a fast food meal increases it.”“Its ironic that people are free to take as many unhealthv condiments in fast food outlets as they like , but statins, which are bene
5、ficial to heart health, have to be prescribed. It makes sense to make risk-reducing statins available just as easily as the unhealthy condiments that are provided free of chargeIt would cost less than 5 pence per customer 一not much different to a sachet of sugar.” Dr Francis said When people engage
6、in risky behaviours like driving or smoking, theyre encouraged to take measurethat lower their risk, 1ike wearinga seatbelt or choosing cigarettes with filters. Taking a statin is a rational way ofloweringsome of the risks of eating a fatty meal第十五篇“Liquefaction” Key to Much of Japanese Earthquake D
7、amageThe massive subduction zone earthquake in Japan caused a significant level of soilliquefaction that has surprised researchers with its widespread severity, a new analysis shows.Weve seen localized examples of soil liquefaction as extreme as this before, but the distance and extent of damage in
8、Japan were unusually severe, said Scott Ashford, a professor of geotechnical engineering at Oregon State University. Entire structures were tilted and sinking into the sediments, Ashford said. The shifts in soil destroyed water, drain and gas pipelines, crippling the utilities and infrastructure the
9、se communities need to function . We saw some places that sank as much as four feet.Some degree of soil liquefaction is common in almost any major earthquake. Its a phenomenon in which soils soaked with water, particularly recent sediments or sand, can lose much of their strength and flow during an
10、earthquake. This can allow structures to shift or sink or collapse .But most earthquakes are much shorter than the recent event in Japan, Ashford said. The length of the Japanese earthquake, as much as five minutes, may force researchers to reconsider the extent of liquefaction damage possibly occur
11、ring in situations such as this.With such a long-lasting earthquake, we saw howstructures that might have been okay after 30 seconds just continued to sink and tilt as the shaking continued for several more minutes, he said. And it was clear that younger sediments, and especially areas built on rece
12、ntly filled ground, are much more vulnerable.The data provided by analyzing the Japanese earthquake, researchers said, should make it possible to improve the understanding of this soil phenomenonand better prepare for it in the future. Ashford said it was critical for the team to collect the informa
13、tion quickly, beforedamage was removed in the recovery efforts.Theres no doubt that well learn things from what happened in Japan that will help us to reduce risks in other similar events , Ashford said. Future construction in some places may make more use of techniques known to reduce liquefaction,
14、 such as better compaction to make soils dense, or use of reinforcing stone columns.Ashford pointed out that northern California have younger soils vulnerable to liquefaction -on the coast, near river deposits or in areas with filled ground. The young sediments, in geologic terms, may be those depos
15、ited within the past 10,000 years or more. In Oregon, for instance, that describes much of downtown Portland, the Portland International Airport and other cities.Anything neara river and old flood plains is a suspect, and the Oregon Department of Transportation has already concluded that 1,100 bridg
16、es in the state are at risk from an earthquake. Fewer than15percent of them have been reinforced to precent collapse. Japan has suffered tremendous losses in the March 11 earthquake, but Japanese construction standards helped prevent many buildings from collapse -even as they tilted and sank into the
