英语副词分类详解一、时间副词1 .常见的时间副词常见的时间副词有 now(现在;立刻;目前;马上;其时;当时 )then (当时;那时;接 着;于是;然后;还有;而且;那么;因此)soon(不久;即刻;马上;宁可;;宁愿 )ago (以前)recently (最近;近来)lately (近来;最近;不久前)later (较晚地;后来)finally (最后;终于;完全地)before (先前;从前;以前) early (早;先;在初期;在早期) today (今天)tomorrow (明天)yesterday (昨天)tonight (今晚)suddenly (意外地;忽然;冷不防)immediately(即刻;马上;直接地)already (已经)just (刚刚)等2 .时间副词在句中的位置(1)表确定时间的副词(如today, yesterday等)通常位于句末,有时也位于句首: He went home yesterday. / Yesterday he went home.他昨天回家了而那些表示非确定时间的副词(如soon, recently, suddenly等)除可用于句末或句首外,还可位于句中(通常位于实义动词之前,动词be、助动词、情态动词之后 ):He went to Paris recently. / He recently went to Paris. / Recently he went to Paris. 最近他去了巴黎。
3 2) still, already, just等几个表示时间的副词通常位于句中(实意动词之前,动词be、助动词、情态动词之后):He' sust left for school.他刚刚去学校I have already finished my work.我已经做完了工作当要表示强调时,still和already也可位于动词 be、助动词等之前:She was still [still was] beautiful at the age of forty.她到了 40 岁仍然很美I already have told him about it.我已经把情况告诉他了still若用于否定句,则总是位于助动词之前:I still don' understand what you mean.我还是不明白你的意思 另外,still和already还可位于句末,表示惊奇:Are you on page one still?你还在看第 1 页?Is your mother back already?你妈妈就已经回来了 ?、地点副词1 .常见的地点副词常见的地点副词有 here (在这里;向这里;到这里;这是;现在;在这一点上)there(在那里;往那里;那里;那个;在那一点上;关于那一点)up (成直立姿势;起床;向上;向北;在北部;完全地;彻底地)down (向下;在下面;往南) away (远处;离开)nearby (附近地) home (家)ahead (在某人或某事物的前面)abroad (离口侧;对口侧)indoors (在室内;往室内)overseas (在[向]海外;在[向]国外) halfway (半途;中间) upstairs (在楼上;往楼上)downstairs (在楼下) 等。
2 .地点副词在句中的位置地点副词在句中通常位于句末或句首,但从不位于主语和谓语之间若有多个副词排列,地点副词通常位于方式副词之后,时间副词之前:Can you help to carry this table upstairs?你能帮忙把桌子搬到楼上去吗?The boy read quietly over there all afternoon.这男孩整个下午都在那儿静静地看书三、方式副词1 .方式副词的特点方式副词表示动词的行为方式,许多以 -ly结构的副词都是方式副词,如 carefully (仔 细地;周密地;警惕地)happily (快乐;满意;幸运;幸好) quietly (轻声地;安静地;静止地;寂静地;在暗中;秘密地;不张扬地)heavily (严重地;大量地)warmly (温暖地;亲切地;热烈地;热情地;热心地)correctly (正确地;得体地)politely (有礼貌地;客气地;委婉地)angrily (愤怒地;生气地)等2 .方式副词在句中的位置(1)方式副词通常位于动词(及其宾语)之后:He read the letter slowly.他从容不迫地看了那封信。
方式副词通常不位于动词与宾语之间,除非动词后的宾语很长:不可说:We like very much it.(应改为 We like it very much.)但可说: We could see very clearly a strange light ahead of us.我们可以很清楚地看 到在我们前方有一道奇怪的光若遇到 动词+介词+宾语”结构,方式副词既可位于介词+宾语”之前,也可位于 介词+宾语”之后,但是若该结构的宾语较长,则方式副词通常位于介词+宾语”之前:He looked at me curiously. / He looked curiously at me.他好奇地打量着我He looked curiously at everyone who got off the plane.他好奇地打量着从飞机上走 下来的每一个人2)方式副词(主要是单个的方式副词)有时也可位于主语与动词之间:He quickly got dressed.他赶紧穿好衣服He angrily tore up the letter.他很生气,把信撕碎了3)有的方式副词(如 bravely, cleverly, cruelly, foolishly, generously, kindly, secretly, s imply等)位于动词之前和位于句末会导致句子意思的变化:They secretly decided to leave the town.他们秘密决定离开这个城市。
They decided to leave the town secretly.他们决定秘密地离开这个城市He answered the questions foolishly.他对这个问题作了愚蠢的回答He foolishly answered the questions.他愚蠢地回答了这个问题4)有的方式副词(如gently, quietly, slowly, suddenly等)有时可位于句首,以达到某种 戏剧性的效果(这主要见于书面语中):Suddenly, the driver started the engine.突然地,司机启动了发动机四、频度副词1 .频度副词的特点频度副词表示动作发生的次数,常见的有(a)always (总是;永远),continually (不停地;持续地)frequently(频繁地),occasionally( 偶尔),often (经常),once (一次;曾经),twice (两次;两倍), periodically , repeatedly(重复地;再三地),some times (有时候),usually (通常)等(b) ever (在任何时候;在某时;有时;从来),hardly ever(几乎从不;很少),never (从不;永不;从来没有),rarely (不常;很少地),scarcely ever(仅仅;几乎不), seldom (很少)等我们可将频率副词按频率从高到低的排列顺序,用百分率表示为:always二at all times表示总是,永远”之意,相当于100%的频率。
usually=in most cases表示通常,惯常”之意,相当于90%的频率often二many times表示多次,经常”之意,相当于80%的频率sometimes二at some times but not all the time 表示 有时候,偶尔”之意,相 当于30%的频率hardly(ever尸almost never或 very seldom 表示 很少, 几乎从不 ”之意,相当 于百分之几never=at no time或not ever表示永不,从未”之意,相当于0%的频率这里的百分数只是为了便于区分它们所表示频率的程度而已,不能完全按这 些百分率去理解另外,表示频率还可用一些副词短语来表示,如 once a week一周一次,thr ee times a year 一年三次等2 .频度副词在句中的位置(1)频度副词通常位于实义动词之前,be动词、助动词、情态动词之后,如果有两个助动词,频度副词通常放在第一个助动词后面:He often comes to see us.他常来看我们He is seldom late for school.他上学很少迟到We have never been invited to one of their parties.有时为了强调,频度副词也可位于be动词、助动词等之前,此时助动词等应重读。
如:She always was late.她老是迟到2)在简略答语中,当频度副词与be动词、助动词或情态动词位于句末时,频度副词必须前置如:“Philipis late again. " "Yes,he always is.”菲利普又迟到了 ”是的,他总是迟到Canyou park your car near the shops? ” "Yes.I usually can.”你可以在商店附近停车吗 ?”是的,通常可以I know I should take exercise, but I never do.他们聚会,一次也没邀请过我们She must sometimes have wanted to run away.她有时候一定想到过要逃走⑶have to表示客观需要的"不得不”时,虽相当于情态动词,但频度副词要放在它之前例如:I often have to get up at five.我经常得五点钟起床当句子中有used to这个"临界性情态动词"时,频度副词既可以在其前也可以在其后例如:We always used to go to the seaside in May.We used to always go to the seaside in May.那时候,我们总是五月份到海滨去。
4)有的频度副词(如 sometimes, often, usually, frequently, occasionally 等)可位于句首(此时多 半是因为强调或对比)Sometimes he went there by bus.有时他坐公共汽车去那儿Very often the phone rings when I ' m in the bathS经常在我洗澡时响另外,频度副词 always和never通常不位于句首,除非是祈使句:A lways remember this.时刻记住这一点Never go out at night.晚上千万不要出去often用于句首时,通常表示强调,且其前一般有quite, very修饰如:Very often he comes in late.他常常迟至 UQuite often t。