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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上初中英语语法代词代词:为了避免重复而用来代替其他词的词。种类:1)人称2)物主3)反身4)指示5)不定6)疑问7)相互代词:eachother,oneanother互相,其所有格加-s8) 关系代词:which,who,that,whom,whose等引导定语从句9) 连接代词:who,whom,whose,what,which,whatever,whichever,whoever,whomever10)替代词:one(单数),ones(复数)用于替代前面出现的同类事物。但ones必须和形容词连用。如果替代的名词时无形容词在前,则用some,any,而不用ones。如
2、:Haveyouboughtanyrulers?Yes,Iveboughtsome.一、人称代词1.人称代词的形式单数复数第一人称第二人称第三人称第一第二第三主格Iyouhesheitweyouthey宾格meyouhimheritusyouthem2. 人称代词的句法功能专心-专注-专业功能主格作主语作动词宾语作介词宾语宾格作表语指时间指天气指距离作形式主语、it的形式宾语特殊指前文提到用法的物指不知性别的婴儿或不确指性别的人例句Theyarefourteenyearsold./SheisaChineseteacher.Theboxistooheavy.Letmehelpyou./Ilike
3、itverymuch.Marydidntwanttogowithme.- Whoisstandingoverthere?- Itsme.Itisearlyspring,butitsalreadyveryhot.Itrained_(大)lastnight.Itsaboutfive( minute) walkfromheretothelibrary.Howfarisitfromyourschooltoyourhome?Itisveryniceofyoutohelpme.IfinditeasytolearnEnglishwell.-Wheresmybook?-Itsoverthere.Thebaby
4、iscrying.Itmaybehungry.3. 人称代词的排列顺序(单数231,复数123)当两个以上的人称代词一起作主语时,单数按二、三、一人称排列(即you,he/she,I);复数按一、二、三人称排列(即we,you,they)。但是如果做错了事需要承担责任时,要把说话人(I)放在第一位。如:ItwasIandJohnthatmadeherangry.是我和约翰惹她生气了。二、物主代词1. 物主代词的形式单数复数物主形容词性myyourhisheritsouryourtheir代词名词性mineyourshishersitsoursyourstheirs2.物主代词的基本用法功能例句
5、特别提示1形容词性作定语Hermotherisakind-hearteddoctor.物主代词Theirroomiscleanandtidy.名词性作主语Thatishiscomputer.Minedoesntwork.物主代词作宾语HerspokenEnglishisbetterthanyours.(相当于省作表语Thisballpenishers.Whereismine?略了中心名词的-s属与of连用Theredskirtofhersisverybeautiful.作定语格结构)形容词性物主代词作定语,相当于形容词。名词性物主代词在句中不能单独作定语。如:Hersmathisbettert
6、hanmine.(错!句中的_应改为_)3. 物主代词的特殊用法在双重所有格中只能用名词性物主代词。如:我的一个朋友afriendofmine,她的一个同学aclassmateofhers,eachbrotherofhis.三、反身代词1. 反身代词的形式反身代词又叫自身代词,表示动作返回到动作发出者本身。人称单数复数第一人称myselfourselves第二人称yourselfyourselves第三人称himself,herself,itselfthemselves2. 反身代词的句法功能功能例句特别提示LittleJimmycandresshimselfnow.两句中动作的执行者与承受着
7、作宾语均是同一个人,故宾语只能用反Shecookedherselfagoodmeal.身代词,不能用him和her。作表语Theboyinthephotoismyself,notTom.Iamnotmyselftoday.我今天不舒服。作同位语(强调)Thebabyitselflaughed.此句中,反身代词itself也可放Imyselfwenttovisitmyteacher.在laughed的后面。和by等介词搭配,Neverleavethechildbyhimselfathome.初中常用的由反身代词构成的构成固定短语IdontthinkIcandoitbymyself.短语有:(见下
8、)3.由反身代词构成的习惯用语helponeselfto随便吃,cometooneself苏醒过来,醒悟,恢复知觉dressoneself自己穿衣服saytooneself自言自语enjoyoneself玩得开心loseoneselfin迷路于,全神贯注于之中,消失于teachoneself自学lookafteroneselfbyoneself亲自learn,byoneself自学,leaveonebyoneself把某人单独留下hurtoneself伤了自己makeyourself/yourselvesathome不必拘束四、指示代词单数this这,这个that那,那个such复数these
9、这些those那些这样的人或物ThisisBillspeaking.Whoisthat?Wherewillthesepupilsgo?Doyoulikethose?Theyarethelatestfashion.例句I haveneverseensuchacleverchildbefore.Thosetwodressesarethesame.Hesaidthesamethingagainandagain.same同样的人或物21. that用来代替前面提到的不可数名词,those代替复数名词。Theweathertodayisfinerthanthatyesterday.Thestudents
10、inthisschoolaredifferentfromthoseinthatone.2.打电话时,用that询问对方是谁,用this介绍自己。ThisisJackspeaking.IsthatMrsBlackspeaking?说明:That和those可作定语从句的先行词,但this和these不能,同时,在作先行词时,只有those可指人,试比较:(对)Headmiredthatwhichlookedbeautiful.他赞赏外表漂亮的东西。(对)Headmiredthosewholookedbeautiful.他赞赏那些外表漂亮的人。(those指人)(错)Headmiredthatwh
11、odancedwell.(that作宾语时不能指人)(对)Headmiredthosewhodancedwell.他赞赏跳舞好的人。(those指人)(对)Headmiredthosewhichlookedbeautiful.他赞赏那些外表漂亮的东西。(those指物)五、疑问代词疑问代词有who,whom,whose,what和which等。在句子中用来构成特殊疑问句。疑问代词都可用作连接代词,引导名词性从句(主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句)如:Tellmewhoheis.告诉我他是谁。格指人指物指人或物主格who谁what什么which哪个,哪些宾格whom谁所有格whose谁的whose谁
12、的whose谁的说明1:无论是做疑问代词还是限定词,which和what所指的范围不同。what所指的范围是无限的,而which则指在一定的范围内,例如:Whichgirlsdoyoulikebest?Whatgirlsdoyoulikebest?你喜欢哪几个姑娘?你喜欢什么样的姑娘?说明2:Whom是who的宾格,在书面语中,它作动词宾语或介词宾语,在口语中作宾语时,可用词后只能用whom,例如:Who(m)didyoumeetonthestreet?你在街上遇到了谁?(作动词宾语)Who(m)areyoutakingthebookto?你要把这书带给谁?(作介词宾语,置句首)who代替,但在介Towhomdidyouspeakonthecampus?你在校园里和谁讲话了?(作介词宾语,置介词后,不能用who取代。)六、不定代词:不是指明代替任何特定名词的代词叫做不定代词。常见的不定代词有a11,both,each,every等,以及含有some-,any-,no-等的合成代词,如anybody,something,noone。这些不定代词大都可以代替名词和形容词,在句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语,但none和由some,any,no等构成的复合不定代词只能作主语、宾语或表语;every和no只能作定语。如:-Doy