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1、2019-2020年高中英语Unit4ExploringplantsReadingPartOne:TeachingDesignPeriod1:Asamplelessonplanforreading(PLANTEXPLORATIONINTHE18THAND19THCENTURIES)AimsTohelpstudentsdeveloptheirreadingabilityTohelpstudentslearnexploringplantsProceduresWarmingupbydefiningplantsPlantsareamajorgroupoflivingthings300,000speci
2、es),includingfamiliarsuchastrees,flowers,herbs,andferns.(aboutorganismsAristotledividedalllivingthingsbetweenplants,whichgenerallydonotmoveorhavesensoryorgans,andanimals.InLinnaeussystem,thesebecametheKingdomsVegetabilia(laterPlantae)andAnimalia.Sincethen,ithasbeeclearthatthePlantaeasoriginallydefin
3、edincludedseveralunrelatedgroups,andthefungiandseveralgroupsofalgaewereremovedtonewkingdoms.However,thesearestilloftenconsideredplantsinmanycontexts.Indeed,anyattempttomatchplantwithasingletaxonisdoomedtofail,becauseplantisavaguelydefinedconceptunrelatedtothepresumedphylogenicconceptsonwhichmodernta
4、xonomyisbased.WarmingupbytalkingaboutdifferentgardensGardensvaryinformsandfunctions.Howmanycanyouseeinyourarea?GardensmayfunctioninaparticularmannerBotanicalgarden,munitygarden,Forestgarden,Raisedbedgardening,Residentialgarden,Roofgarden,Verticalgarden,Waterorsoil-lessgardening(hydroponics),Walledga
5、rden,Windowbox,ZoologicalgardenWarmingupbydiscussinggardeningGardeningistheactivityofgrowingandmaintainingthegarden.Thisworkisdonebyanamateurorprofessionalgardener.Agardenermightalsoworkinanon-gardensetting,suchasapark,aroadsideembankment,orotherpublicspace.Landscapearchitectureisarelatedprofessiona
6、lactivitywithlandscapearchitectstendingtospecialiseindesignforpublicandcorporateclients.I. Pre-readingWhatisagarden?Agardenisaplannedspace,usuallyoutdoors,setasideforthedisplay,cultivation,andenjoymentofplantsandotherformsofnature.Thegardencanincorporatebothnaturalandman-madematerials.Themostmonform
7、isknownasaresidentialgarden.Westerngardensarealmostuniversallybasedaroundplants.Zoos,whichdisplaywildanimalsinsimulatednaturalhabitats,wereformerlycalledzoologicalgardens.Sometraditionaltypesofeasterngardens,suchasZengardens,useplantssparselyornotatall.Food-producinggardensaredistinguishedfromfarmsb
8、ytheirsmallerscale,morelabor-intensivemethods,andtheirpurpose(enjoymentofahobbyratherthanproduceforsale);thisdistinctionisnotalwaysclear-cut,however.Thegardeningarticlediscussesthedifferencesandsimilaritiesbetweengardensandfarmsingreaterdetail.Gardeningistheactivityofgrowingandmaintainingthegarden.T
9、hisworkisdonebyanamateurorprofessionalgardener.Agardenermightalsoworkinanon-gardensetting,suchasapark,aroadsideembankment,orotherpublicspace.Landscapearchitectureisarelatedprofessionalactivitywithlandscapearchitectstendingtospecialiseindesignforpublicandcorporateclients.II. ReadingforformsReadthetex
10、tPLANTEXPLORATIONINTHE18THAND19THCENTURIESto:cut/thesentenceintothoughtgroups,blackenthepredicative,darkentheconnectivesandunderlinealltheusefulexpressions.PLANTEXPLORATIONINTHE18THAND19THCENTURIESTheplants/inourgardens/looksofamiliar/thatoftenwedonotrealizethat/manyofthemactuallyefromcountries/fara
11、way.Collecting“exoticplants,astheyarecalled,datesbacktotheearliesttimes.Manyancientcivilizationssawthevalueofbringingbackplants/fromdistantlands.Thefirstplantcollectingexpedition/recordedinhistorywasaround1500BC/whentheQueenofEgyptsentshipsawaytogatherplants,animals/andothergoods.However,itwasnotunt
12、iltheeighteenth/andnineteenthcenturies/thattheexplorationofthebotanicalworldbeganonalargescale.Europehadbeeinterestedinscientificdiscovery/andtheEuropeanmiddleclassestookgreatinterestincollectingnewplants.Thisattraction/toexoticplantsgrewasEuropeannations,liketheNetherlands,Britain/andSpain,movedint
13、ootherpartsoftheworld/likeAsia/andAustralia.Braveyoungmentooktheopportunityofgoingonbotanicalexpeditions,oftenfacingmanydangers/includingdisease,near-starvation,severeenvironments/andconflictswiththelocalpeople.AnimportantgroupofcollectorswereFrenchCatholicmissionaries/who,bythemiddleofthe18thcentur
14、y,werebeginningtosetthemselvesup/inChina.Onesuchmissionary,FatherdIncarville,wassenttoBeijing/inthe1740s.Hecollectedseedsoftrees/andbushes/includingthoseoftheTreeofHeaven.Justbeforehedied,hesentsomeTreeofHeavenseeds/toEngland.Theyarrivedin1751/andplants/fromtheseseedsweregrownthroughoutEurope/andlat
15、er,in1784,thespecieswasintroducedinNorthAmerica.SirJosephBankswasaveryfamousBritishplantcollector,whoacpaniedJamesCook/onhisfirstvoyage/fromEngland/toOceania.Thepurposeofthetrip/forBankswastorecordtheplant/andanimallife/theycameacross.He/andhisteamcollectedexamples/whenevertheywentontodryland.In1769
16、,Bankscollectedvastquantitiesofplants/inthelandnow/knownasAustralia.NoneoftheseplantshadbeenrecordedbyEuropeansbefore.Cookcalledthebay/wheretheEndeavourhadanchoredBotanyBay.Keepingplantsalive/duringlongland/orseavoyageswasanenormouschallenge.Largenumbersofseedsfailedtogrow/afterlongseavoyages/ortrips/ac
