华中科技大学文华学院毕业设计（论文）题目：薄膜太阳能电池的研究与发展现状学 生 姓 名： 陈刚祥 学号： 080110011106 学 部 （系）： 信息学部电子科学与技术系 专 业 年 级： 电子科学与技术2008级 指 导 教 师： 周裕鸿 职称或学位： 讲师 2012 年5 月13日 I 华中科技大学文华学院毕业设计（论文）目 录摘 要···································································I关键词··································································IABSTRACT····························································IKey words······························································I前 言···································································1一、薄膜太阳能电池概述················································2二、薄膜太阳能电池的分类和特点·······································32.1 a-Si：H薄膜·······················································42.2 Poly-Si薄膜·······················································62.3 CIGS薄膜························································72.4 GaAs薄膜························································8三、薄膜太阳能电池的基本原理和基本结构····························113.1 单层结构·························································123.2 双层结构·························································123.3 体相异质结·······················································13四、薄膜太阳能电池的发展现状········································15 4.1 薄膜太阳能电池的发展现状········································154.2 提高薄膜硅太阳能电池效率的措施·································164.2.1 提高薄膜硅太阳能电池对光的吸收································164.2.2 薄膜硅电池叠层技术············································214.2.3 微晶硅电池开路电压的研究······································224.2.4 中间层技术的研究··············································22五、薄膜太阳能电池的发展前景·········································245.1 更具优势的薄膜太阳能光伏电池·····································265.2 薄膜PV 基础····················································285.3 薄膜光伏技术商业化的关键问题·································295.4 应用及产能················································29六、总结和展望·························································33参考文献······························································34致谢···································································36薄膜太阳能电池的研究与发展现状摘 要万物生长靠太阳。
由于太阳能清洁安全、取之不竭，很多国家将目光投向了清洁的太阳能发电国际能源署的报告显示，到2030年，全球电力需求将翻番因此，采用太阳能等可再生能源发电无疑是有效的解决方法目前，地球表面的太阳辐射高达12万太瓦（1太瓦等于100万兆瓦），其中600太瓦是可用的，而我们人类只需10太瓦就可以了随着技术的改进、光转换效率的提高以及生产成本的下降，太阳能对未来能源的贡献将会进一步增加本文阐述薄膜介绍有机太阳能电池研究的背景及历史发展情况，从器件结构、材料选择、工艺技术等方面时近儿年来研究的几种薄膜大阳能电池现状和进展做了系统综述，分析了结构、材料等对有机太阳能电池光电转化效率的影响，并讨论其发展趋势和以后的应用方向，让大家能清楚薄膜太阳能电池在未来的发展趋势关键词： 太阳能电池；分类；原理和结构；现状；发展趋势和前景Research and development status of thin film solar cellsAbstractAll things grow by the sun. Solar clean, safe, inexhaustible, many countries will turn their attention to clean solar power. The International Energy Agency report shows that global electricity demand will double by 2030. Therefore, the use of solar and other renewable energy generation is undoubtedly an effective solution. At present, the solar radiation of the Earth's surface up to 120,000 terawatts (1 terawatt equals one million MW), of which 600 TWh is available, and we humans just 10 terawatts can. Optical conversion efficiency, as well as production costs decline as technology improves, the contribution of solar energy for future energy will increase further.This paper describes the film introduces the background and historical development of organic solar cells from the device structure, choice of materials, technology and other aspects of research in recent years, several thin-film solar battery status and progress of a systematic review, analysis of the structure, materials, and the photoelectric conversion efficiency of organic solar cells, and discuss the trends and direction, so that we can clear thin film solar cells in the future development trend.Keywords: solar； classification； principles and structure；the status quo； trends and prospects前 言随着不可再生能源的不断消耗和日趋枯竭，能源危机日益突显，对太阳能、水能、风能、地热能、潮汐能等可在生能源的开发利用，越来越引起世界各国的重视。
太阳能的光伏发电是太阳能利用的重要途径然而，硅系太阳能电池的成本主要消耗在价格昂贵的高纯硅材料上，其发展受到了一定的限制因此出现了新型非晶硅、多晶硅薄膜太阳能电池前者光电转换率有光致衰退效应，使其性能不稳定；而后者使用硅材料少、又无效率衰退问题，因此是硅系太阳能电池的发展方向但硅系太阳能电池光电转换效率的理论极限值为25％，效率提高潜力有限近年来，以GaAs（砷化镓）、GaSb（锑化镓）、GaInP（磷化铟镓）、CuInSe2（铜铟硒）、CdS（硫化镉） 和CdTe（碲化镉）等为代表的新型多元化合物薄膜太阳能电池，取得了较高的光电转换效率，GaAs 电池的转换效率目前已经达到30％而Ga、In 等为比较稀有的元素，Cd 等为有毒元素，因此，这类电池的发展必然将受到资源、环境的限制因此，凝聚态稳定的薄膜太阳能电池备受关注：潜在的低成本、轻质量、柔韧易加工性、可低成本大面积制备等突出优点，使得它具有很强的竞争力薄膜硅太阳能电池具有广阔的前景，但是当前大规模产业化的非晶硅薄膜电池效率偏低，为了实现光伏发电平价上网，必须对薄膜硅太阳能电池进行持续的研究通过进一步提高薄膜硅太阳能电池的转换效率，进而降低薄膜硅电池的生产成本。
当前基于单晶硅或者多晶硅硅片的晶体硅电池组件市场占有率高达90%，但是，晶体硅电池本身生产成本较高，组件价格居高不下，这为薄膜硅太阳能电池的发展创造了机遇薄膜硅太阳能电池的厚度一般在几个微米，相对于厚度为200微米左右的晶体硅电池来说大大节省了原材料，而且薄膜硅太阳能电池的制程相对简单，成本较为低廉，因此在过去的几年里薄膜硅太阳能电池产业发展迅猛但是当前大规模产业化的薄膜硅太阳能电池转换效率只有5%-7%，是晶体硅太阳能电池组件的一半左右，这在一定程度上限制了它的应用范围，也增加了光伏系统的成本为了最终实现光伏发电的平价上网，必须进一步降低薄膜硅太阳能电池的生产成本，因此必须对薄膜硅太阳能电池开展持续的研究，利用新的技术与工艺降低薄膜硅太阳能电池的成本，来扩大薄膜太阳能的普及。