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1、TOEFL WRITING MATERIALSBY TONYAll Rights ReservedNo part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means without the written statement of the author.综合写作一、题型分析1、要点分析时间：在新托福写作考试的前二十分钟进行，虽然写作是新托福考试的最终部分，但万万不可掉以轻心，否则自毁长城，前功尽弃。工具：新托福写作只有键盘输入一种选择，打字速度慢者吃亏不少。建议考生熟练操作键盘，提高打
2、字速度并减少打字错误。字数：有明确要求，150225字。建议考生平常练习时利用word工具，计算文章字数，做到心中有数。文体：正规书面文体。不可使用诸如“doesnt”等非正规文体和口语词汇，可模仿阅读中的遣词造句。题目：共分三个部分，阅读，听力，写作。 2、评分标准5A response at this levelEffectively addresses the task by conveying relevant information from the lecture; and accurately relates key information from the lecture to
3、 information in the reading; and Is well organized and coherent; and Contains appropriate grammar and vocabulary, with only occasional minor language errors.文章切题，包含听力中的相关信息；将听力主要信息与阅读材料信息准确对应；段落组织有序，衔接紧密；用词确切，语法规范，有少量拼写错误4A response at this levelGenerally conveys relevant information from the lectur
4、e, but may have minor omissions; andIs generally good in relating information from the lecture to information in the reading, but may have minor inaccuracies or vagueness of some content or connections among ideas; andIs generally well organized; and Contains appropriate grammar and vocabulary, but
5、may have noticeable minor language errors or occasional lack of clarity.文章基本切题，基本包含了听力中的相关信息，但有少许遗漏；信息组织基本合理，但有少许不准确之处或某些内容或观点间的衔接不清晰；段落组织基本有序；用词确切，语法规范，有明显的拼写错误或偶尔表述不清。3A response at this levelContains some relevant information from the lecture, but may omit one key point; orConveys some connection
6、s between the lecture and the reading, but some content or connections among ideas may be incomplete, inaccurate, or vague; orContains errors in grammar or usage that result in vagueness of some content or connections among ideas包含了听力中的某些相关信息，但遗漏了一个要点；阐述了听力与阅读的某些联系，但某些内容或观点间的联系不完整，不准确或含糊不清；包含语法错误影响了
7、某些内容或观点间联系的表达2A response at this levelContains some relevant information from the lecture, but may have significant omissions or inaccuracies of key points; or Omits or largely misrepresents the connections between the lecture and the reading; orContains language errors that obscure meaning of key i
8、deas or connections among ideas.包含听力材料中的某些相关信息，但有重大遗漏或要点表述错误；遗漏或嵌解了听力与材料间的联系；语法错误严重影响内容表达1A response at this levelContains little or no relevant content from the lecture; orFails to connect points from the lecture and reading; orContains language errors that greatly obscure meaning; orIs too brief t
9、o allow evaluation of writing proficiency.没有或有很少听力中的相关信息；没能将听力与阅读建立起联系；语法错误严重影响表达；篇幅太小影响评分0A response at this levelOnly copies sentences from the reading; orIs not related to the given topic; orIs written in a language other than English; orIs blank.仅从阅读材料中抄袭句子；与主题无关；用除英语外的其它语言写作；空白卷通过对评分标准进行分析，我们知道
10、了ETS对于一篇好的综合写作作文的要求：细节缺一不可 (example, reason, detail)不能跑题（unity）结构紧凑 （organization）段落过渡流畅 (coherent)用词多样化，丰富 (variety)3、如何准备1 良好的语法知识2 充足的词汇量3 基本的文体知识4 良好的阅读习惯5 良好的听力水平6 高超的语言衔接手段7 多种表达方法综合运用的能力8 高超的记笔记能力在平时备考过程中要注意：1. 强化语法知识和学术论文写作的文体格式；掌握常用时态，语态，语气和句式，熟练运用语法知识写出通顺的句子。2. 千方百计强化词汇，多读学术性文章，熟悉写作格式和常用语言
11、表达，熟悉英文写作思路。3. 多听学术性强的英语讲座，熟悉英语口头表达方式，听懂大意，总结归纳。4. 熟悉常用句型，多练写作原则归纳起来共有七条：1）正式文体 2）完整结构3) 明确观点 4)条理内容5）重视句式 6)通顺联贯7) 扬长避短二、出题方式1）3分钟阅读，字数300左右2）12分钟听力，长度与阅读相当3）20分钟写作，长度150225字三、要点如何确定要点：1. 主题句2. 重复的语意（同根，同义，同一词）3. 原因和结果4. 被解释的词汇5. 带有倾向性的名词，形容词，副词，动词等。6. 被强调的语意（比较，最高级，绝对词）7. 问题与答案8. 重要例子9. 比较/对比&比喻10
12、. 表转折的词（其后的内容很重要）四、动笔写作前的注意事项1. Read the question carefully and think about what it wants you to do.2. review the notes you took during the lecture3. plan what facts to present, and in what order4. select main points and write a paragraph about each5. develop the ideas with examples and reasons五、如何结
13、构全文：总分式分总式总分总式六、写作中的注意事项：State the key point clearly in the first sentence of the paragraph with minimum detail. (每段第一句阐明主要观点，尽量少谈细节)Each paragraph should convey one major point and support it with relevant details or explanation. (每段包含的主要观点必须有相关的细节说明或解释)作文主体完成后的注意事项：Allow time to correct grammar an
14、d vocabulary errors. (留出时间检查语法与单词拼写)七、拓展观点总结听力材料summarize the lecture:The speaker talks aboutThe lecture discusses/is mainly discussingThe professor made the point that引出要点introduce key points:First/second/thirdFirst/then/another point is thatOr express the key point directly in a topic sentence.引出例
15、子introduce examples or reasons:For example (instance)/one example is/such as/that is增加例子add examples or reasons:Next/Furthermore/another example is/in addition对比观点Show contrast between ideas:However/In contrast/on the contrary/on the other hand/but精彩opening:1) The lecture discusseswhich differs from the main idea in the reading that2) The professor made the point that. The rea
