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1、词序、 语序 与 倒装 涂 兴 仁 一. 全部倒装1.表示地点的状语(表示地点的副词或介词短语)、表示动作方向的副词位于句首时, 全部倒装; 但是主语为人称代词时, 谓语动词不倒装。(here, there, in , out, away, up, down, along, into, among, below, under, between, .) Here comes your sister . There stood a desk . Between the two trees lies a horse . (但是: Here you are . Here it is . Towards
2、 me she walked . ) 2.表示时间的状语(now , then , soon , thus等 ) 位于句首, 且动词为come, go , begin, follow 等少数动词时, 全部倒装。 Now comes your turn . Then came the day of his examination . 3.动词be的表语位于句首时, 全部倒装。 Such are they . Among them were two girls . Best of all was this new design . Hanging on the wall was a beautif
3、ul painting . Fastened to the pole was the national flag . To be considered are the following questions . Gone for ever are the terrible days . 二. 谓语动词原形倒装1.as引导的让步状语从句, 动词原形位于句首。Try as she did , Mary couldnt persuade me . Call him as you may , he will not come . 2.though引导的让步状语从句, 动词原形可以位于句首。 Fail
4、though he did , he was not disappointed . Come though you can , you cant attend the meeting .3.某些相当于让步状语从句的固定结构, 动词原形位于句首。 Come what may , I will support you . Say what you will , I wont change my mind . 4.表示祝愿的long开头的句子, 动词原形位于主语前。 Long live our motherland ! Long live our friendship !三. 部分倒装1.表示否定的
5、状语位于句首时, (主句)部分倒装。 Hardly when, No sooner than , Not only but also , Neither nor , Not until ; Hardly , Rarely , Barely , Seldom , Never , Nowhere , No longer ; Not often , Not for a moment , At no time (永不), By no means , In no way ,In no case, On no account , In no circumstances(决不) , In vain(徒劳)
6、, stillless (更别说) Hardly had we got on the bus when it began to rain . = No sooner had we got on the bus than it began to rain .(注意主句和从句的时态) Not only did he win the championship in the race , but he also broke the world record . (比较: Not only he but also I was late for school .) Neither at this meet
7、ing nor at the previous one did anyone raise the problem . (比较: Neither you nor he likes watching TV .) Not until he finished his job did he feel very tired . (比较: It was not until he finished his job that he felt very tired .) Hardly could I make sense of his words . Nowhere were they to be found .
8、 In vain did he persuade me to give up smoking . 2. 表示否定的宾语位于句首时, 部分倒装。 ( little, few, not a word, not a soul ) Little did he think of the consequence . Not a single word did she say for a whole hour . (比较: Few people knew the truth of the matter .)3.So that , Such that 结构中, 当so , such位于句首时,部分倒装。 So
9、 young was he that you must excuse him . Such a noise did Jimmy make that his sister told him to be quiet . 4.Neither , Nor , So , As开头的句子表示“也 / 也不”时, 部分倒装。 You havent read the book . Neither / Nor have I . If you leave next Sunday , so will I . Our eating habits have changed , as has our way of lif
10、e . (比较: Mother told me to help her out and I did so . Its a fine day . So it is and so will it be tomorrow .)I came late to school and was scolded . So it was with Xiao Ming .= It was the same with Xiao Ming .= It was the case with Xiao Ming )5.Only 修饰状语(从句)位于句首时, (主句)部分倒装。 Only last year did he gr
11、aduate from college . Only when I visited him did I realize how ill he was .6.某些状语位于句首时, 部分倒装。 ( often, well, long, gladly, many a time / day )Often did we swim in summer . Many a time has he tried that method . 7.表示祝愿的may位于句首。 May you succeed . May you be happy .8.if引导的虚拟从句, 省略if时, were, had, shoul
12、d位于主语前。 Were you to eat too much , it would cause weight problems . Had I come earlier . I would have caught the train . Should you be in trouble , they would help you . 9.含do you think / believe /.插入语的特殊疑问句。 Who do you think is the best player ? (比较: Who do you think he is ? )四. 非动词语序1.当as表示“尽管”时,可
13、把表语/ 副词放as前。 Cold as / though the weather is , the boys are still playing outside . Child as / though he is , Xiao Ming can speak English . Hard as we worked , we all failed the exams . 2.however , no matter how 引导的从句。 She has the window open , however cold it is . No matter how carefully I explaine
14、d , she still didnt understand . 3. too / so / as / how + 形容词 + a/an + 名词, much too +形容词 / 副词, too much + 名词 He is too young a boy to follow me . = He is so young a boy / such a young boy that he cant follow me . He is not so / as young a boy as I am . How nice a watch it is ! = What a nice watch it
15、 is ! = How nice the watch is ! Portia is so young a woman with so wise a head . There is too much money for her to spend . He is much too old to move about .4.倍数关系的语序结构。 (not) three times as as / three times more than / three times the size of / three times what/ three times sth This box is not three times as big as that one . I offered three times the money . You take three times more money than I do . (比较: You take more than three times your money .) more than a little + 形容词: “非常” little more than + 名词 / 数词: “不到, 只有, 只不过” She is more than a little tired . She felt tired an
