《2018年高中一年级英语定语从句讲解》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《2018年高中一年级英语定语从句讲解（6页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、 .wd.定语从句讲解 1定语从句：复合句中修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase which was very reasonable. Those who work hard will make progress.2先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。3关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。1关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that,which,who,whom,whose,as等；关系副词有when,where,why等。2关系词通常有以下三个作用：A、引导定语从句；B、代替先行词；C、在定语从句中担当一个成
2、分。例如：Themanwhoisshakinghandswithmyfatherisapoliceman.该句, whoisshakinghandswithmyfather是定语从句，修饰先行词theman，“who是引导定语从句的关系词，代替先行词theman，在定语从句中作主语。二关系代词引导的定语从句1who指人，在定语从句中作主语、宾语。TheboyswhoareplayingfootballarefromClassOne. YesterdayIhelpedanoldmanwhohadlosthisway.昨天我帮助了一位迷路的老人。2whom指人，在定语从句中做宾语，常可省略。The
3、professor(whom)youarewaitingforhascome.你正在等的教授已经来了。Thegirl(whom)theteacheroftenpraisesisourmonitor.注意：关系代词whom在口语或非正式文体中常可用who来代替，也可省略。但直接介词后只用whom,不可省略。Theman(whom/who)youmetjustnowismyoldfriend. The man to whom you talked just now is my old friend.whom不可省略3 which指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语，做宾语时常可省略。或在非限制定语从句中
4、代替整个主句。Footballisagamewhichislikedbymostboys. Thisisthepen(which)heboughtyesterday.He failed the exam again ,which made his father angry.4that指人时，相当于who或whom；指物时，相当于which.。在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时常可省略。Thenumberofpeoplethat/whocometovisitthiscityeachyearreachesonemillion.Whereistheman(that/whom)Isawthismorn
5、ing?我今天早上看到的那个人在哪儿YesterdayIreceivedaletterthat/whichcamefromAustralia.5whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语。Ivisitedascientistwhosenameisknownalloverthecountry.我拜访了一个全国知名的科学家。Ioncelivedinthehousewhoseroofhasfallenin.我曾经住在那幢屋顶已经倒塌了的房子里。注意：指物时，常用以下构造来代替：We live in a house,_windows face the sea. We live in a hous
6、e,_the windows face the sea.We live in a house,the windows_ face the seaWe live in a beautiful house,and the windows _ face the seaDoyoulikethebookwhosecoverisyellow?=_=_三“介词+关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，从句常常由“介词+关系代词引出。Theschool(which/that)heoncestudiedinisveryfamous.=Theschoolinwhichheoncestudiedis
7、veryfamous.他曾经就读过的学校很知名。Thisistheboy(whom/who/that)Iplayedtenniswithyesterday.=ThisistheboywithwhomIplayedtennisyesterday.这是我昨天跟他打台球的男孩。ThemanagerwhosecompanyIworkinpaysmuchattentiontoimprovingourworkingconditions.=ThemanagerinwhosecompanyIworkpaysmuchattentiontoimprovingourworkingconditions.注意：含有介词
8、的短语动词一般不拆开，介词仍放在短语动词的后面。如：lookfor,lookafter,takecareof等。Thisisthewatch(which/that)Iamlookingfor.(正)这是我正在找的手表。ThisisthewatchforwhichIamlooking.(误)Thebabies(whom/who/that)thenurseislookingafterareveryhealthy.(正) Thebabiesafterwhomthenurseislookingareveryhealthy.误假设介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时只可用whom，不可用who,that；
9、关系代词指物时只可用which，不可用that。关系代词是所有格时用whose。Themanwithwhomyoutalkedjustnowismyneighbour.(正) Themanwiththat/whoyoutalkedjustnowismyneighbour.(误)TheplaneinwhichweflewtoCanadawasreallycomfortable.(正) TheplaneinthatweflewtoCanadawasreallycomfortable.(误)“介词+关系代词前还可有some,any,none,all,both,neither,many,most,ea
10、ch,few等代词或者数词。如：Heloveshisparentsdeeply,bothofwhom=( )areverykindtohim. Inthebaskettherearequitemanyapples,someofwhich=havegonebad. Uptonow,hehaswrittentenstories,threeofwhichareaboutcountrylife.四关系副词引导的定语从句1when指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。Istillrememberthedaywhen=()Ifirstcametothisschool.Thetimewhenwegottogeth
11、erfinallyarrived.我们团聚的时刻终于到了。2where指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。ShanghaiisthecitywhereIwasborn.上海是我出生的城市。Thehousewhere=()Ilivedtenyearsagohasbeenpulleddown. Ivisitedthefarmwhere=()alotofcowswereraised.3why指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语。Pleasetellmethereasonwhy=()youmissedtheplane.请告诉我你误机的原因。Idontknowthereasonwhyhelooksunhappyt
12、oday.我不知道他今天为什么看上去不愉快。注意：关系副词引导的定语从句经常可以用“介词+关系代词引导的定语从句来表示。如：Greatchangesaretakingplaceinthecitywhere/inwhichtheylive.Thereasonwhy/forwhichherefusedtheinvitationisquiteclear.五限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句限制性定语从句形式上：不用逗号“，与主句隔开。意义上：是先行词不可缺少的定语，如删除，主句那么失去意义或意思表达不完整。译法上：译成先行词的定语：“的关系词的使用上：A作宾语时可省略B可用thatC可用who代替wh
13、om非限制性定语从句形式上：用逗号“，与主句隔开。意义上：只是对先行词的补充说明，如删除，主句仍能表达完整的意思。译法上：通常译成主句的并列句。关系词的使用上：A不可省略B不用thatC不可用who代替whom限制性定语从句举例：TheteachertoldmethatTomwastheperson(that/who/whom)Icoulddependon. Chinaisacountrywhich/thathasalonghistory.中国是一个历史悠久的国家。非限制性定语从句举例：Hismother,who(不用that)loveshimverymuch,isstrictwithhim. China,which不用thatwasfoundedin1
