五年级上册英语语法知识点一、注意名词单复数:1、可数名词复数用于:① How many 后面;②some/any/many/a lot of/ two, three♦•后面;③ these/those后面④all the后面;⑤between后面跟一种物体时,这个物体用复数⑥ like 后面⑦are前面的人称和名词用复数:we/they/the children2、名词复数的变化规则:1)一般直接+s: bears, students,2) 以 s. x. sh. ch结尾,力口 es: bus-buse§ box-boxes,3)以“辅音字母+y”结尾,把y变为i,再加ies :library — libraries hobby---hobbies story---stories4) 不规则名词复数:man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen,foot-feet, Child-children3、不可数名词:water, soup, milk, juice, tea, coffee, bread( 面包),rice(米饭 ), hair 等等二、注意一般现在时动词的第三人称单数; (注:所有否定句、疑问句中,动词都用原形。
)1、肯定句中哪些情况下用第三人称单数:(俗称:三单)1)人称代词he, she, it作主语时;2)单个人名、地名或称呼作主语时;3)单数可数名词或"this / that / the+单数可数名词"作主语时;4)不可数名词作主语时;5、当数字或字母作主语时,等等2、动词第三人称单数变化规则如下:1) 一般情况下,动词后面直接加s.如:works / plays/ reads2)以s. x. sh. ch或o结尾的动词,在后面加es.例:teach-teaches, watch-watches, do-does, go-goes3)以辅音字母+y结尾的动词,把y变为i,再加es例:study- studies fly-flies carry-carries4)不规则动词的第三人称单数:have— has; be—is三、人称代词、名词所有格及序数词单数二三复数二三主格IyouhesheItweyouthey宾格meyouhimherItusyouthem物主代词my我的your你的his他的her她的Its它的our我们的your你们的their他们的1、主格用来作句中的主语用于动词前面。
例:They are doctors.2、宾格用来作句中的宾语,放在动词或介词的后面本册书上出现的词组:in front of her show her around push me teach you What' swrong with him? write him a letterHere' a Christmas card for you. Let me…. chat with them on the Internet give it a cake3、形容词性物主代词+名词形容词性物主代词,之所以叫它们形容词是因为他们 必须放在名词前面4、名词所有格 作形容词性,表示所属关系;在人名或称呼后加’,s以s结尾的,直接加如:mother-s parents'5、序数词 first---second---third---fourth 1)序数词一般要与 the连用;2)在某一 层楼用介词on四、选择和用所给词适当形式填空1、哪些情况加动词原形(注:有to时,to跟后面的动词原形放在同一空格)1) want to + 动词原形2)would like to + 动词原形3) it's time to+动词原形4)情态动词can+动词原形5)助动词(do, does , dont, doesn,t) +动词原形6) let+动词原形7)祈使句中动词用原形(如Do yourhomework, please.)8)否定句在句首加 Don't (如 Don't do your homework, please)创词原 形2、哪些情况加动词ing1) like 2) go 3) be good at 4) be 5)后面跟名词,如 swimming lesson动词+ing变化规则如下:A、直接力口上 ing: draw-drawing play-playing read-readingB、以不发音的e结尾,去e加上ingskate-skating make-making dance-dancinghave-having come-coming write-writingC、以重读闭音节结尾的单词要双写尾字母,再加上 ing从单词的末尾开始往前数符合“辅音-元音-辅音”结构的。
注:词尾是w和y的除外,如:drawing, playing等除外);run-running sit-sittingput-putting chat-chattingget-getting swim-swimming stop-stopping shop-shopping3 .形容词加名词(形名) 如:a beautiful girl4 .动词加副词(动副)如:swim well5 . Some 和 any 用法:“somS 一般用于肯定句,“any”用于否定句和疑问句但在一些表示委婉请求,想得到对方肯定回答时也用“ some'小技巧:末尾是句号,句 中是any,那这句型是否定句)6 . There be结构就近原则,be动词的选择取决于紧跟在后面的名词数 量如:There is a teacher and some students in the classroom.7 .乐器前加 the,球类前不加 the.如:play the piano, play football8 . Who当作特殊的第三人称 单数(Who sings well?)9 .一般现在日^才^成:1)主语+be(am,is,are)+其它。
2)主语+行为动词+其 它关键词:always, usually, often, sometimes, on Sundays, every…(注:主语为第三人称单数,动词力口 s, e娥辅音+y时,把y变为i再加eg 其他店' 候动词用原形)10 .现在进行时关键词:look, listen, now (注:be动词(is am are)动词ing,两 者缺一不可)11 . and前后谓语动词一致指当句子中有两个或两个以上的谓语动词共用同一个主语时,一般谓语动词的时态保持一致She oftengoesfishing and takes photos. Let s go and have some chicken.12、相同意思不同用法的辨析:1)有;there is/are 和 have/hasthere is/are表示在某地有某物(或某人);表示存在;there be就近原 则;have/has表示某人有某物;表示所属关系;前面必须有主语2) 也;too-either-alsotoo用于肯定句和疑问句句末;either用于否定句句末;also用于句中3)者B; both-allboth用于两者都;all用于三者及以上都。
4)好;good-wellgood+名词;动词+well 5)和;with-andwith是介词,意思是“和……一起”,后面跟名词或代词的宾格and是连词,意思是“和",用and连接两个单数名词或代词作主语时, 谓语动词用复数五、句型转换 ①同义句:1. It's time for sth= It ' time to do sth该是…时间了(注:for 后面跟名词;to后面跟动词原形)It ’ s time for dinner.=It ’ s time to have dinner.2. What time is it?=What’ s the time? 几点呢?3. There is(are) no …(s)…=There isn't / aren f any… 没有 …4. have no- = don' have (any)没有•…They have no legs or arms. =They don ’ t have any legs or arms.5. has no = doesn have (any) 没有•…6. I like picnics. = I like having picnics. {注: like 后面跟名词复数或动名词(动词+ing) }7. show sth (K物)to sb(某人)=show sb (M物)sth(某人)向•…展示…东 西8. give sth(某物)to sb(某人尸give sb保物)sth(某人)给・••人• ••东西9. What a lovely ant!= How lovely the ant is! 多么可爱的蚂蚁啊10. That is Jan’ usmbrella.= That umbrella is Jan’ s. 那是杰的伞11. What’s wrong with him? = What’ s the matter with him? 他怎么了?②否定句1、有 be 动词(am, is ,a「e , be 后直接加 not (am not/ is not=isn力 are not =aren’ t);2、有 can, can 后直接力口 not (can not=cadt);3、只有动词,在动词原形前加 don';t三单动词前加doesn't,动词变回原 牍。
He does his homework.(改成否定句) He doesdt do his homework.③一般疑问句:用Yes或No回答的句子1、有be动词,be动词提前;2、有 can或 would, can或 would 提前;3、只有动词,句首加Do/ Does,动词用原形;注意:I ' m变 Are you ; some变 any; my 变 your; and 变 or .④特殊疑问句:有特殊疑问词+一般疑问句There be句型提问:1、对数量提问:1) How many +名词复数+ are there +介词短语?(注:对there be后面可数名词的数量提问时,无论主语是单数还是复数,者B用复数形式提问)例:There ar24classrooms in our school? / Themlyioneclassroom in our school?( 划线部分提wHow many classrooms are there in our school?(注: 上面两句提问, 都是这 句子)2) How much +不可数名词+ is there +介词短语?例:There is some milk in the glass.(对划线部分提问)How much milk is there in the glass?2、对主语提问there be针对主语提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是。