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1、史地自然型阅读理解(一)(限时：25分钟)(一)Bees add an estimated eighteen billion dollars a year to the value of American crops. They pollinate(授粉)flowers that become fruits, nuts and vegetables. But, in recent years, honeybee colonies in the United States and Europe have been shrinking. Scientists have proposed diffe
2、rent theories to explain what is known as colony collapse disorder.New research suggests that a commonly used group of insecticide(杀虫剂) could cause bees to have a hard time finding their way back to their hive. The new research looks at the use of pesticides called neonicotinoids. They were first us
3、ed in the 1990s. They are now put on the seeds of many major crops around the world. The seedlings absorb the chemicals as they grow. That means farmers do not need to spray a whole field. Instead there is a little bit of insecticide inside each plantincluding the pollen(花粉) and the nectar(花蜜) that
4、the bees want. There is not enough pesticide to kill them. But the new research in the journal Science says it may harm them anyway.Researchers stuck microchips to the backs of the bees. These chips recorded the bees movements as they came and went from their hive. The scientists fed some bees sugar
5、 water with a low dose of a neonicotinoid. The study found that these bees were about twice as likely not to return as other bees.Dave Goulson at the University of Stirling in Britain worked on another study published in Science. He says the pesticides could help explain why bumblebee populations ar
6、e also decreasing.Bayer CropScience makes neonicotinoid pesticides. The companys spokesman Jack Boyne disputed the findings. He also notes that researchers are studying other factors that could affect the bees population. These include parasites, diseases and stress caused by transporting beehives t
7、o farms. Some European countries have banned the pesticides. And there are growing calls to ban them in the United States as well.1The underlined word“shrinking”in Paragraph 1 most probably means “ _”Aincreasing BdecreasingCdisappearing Dcontinuing2Why were microchips tied to the backs of the bees?A
8、To record how much honey the bees produce.BTo test how the bees react to the microchips.CTo find if the insecticide affects the bees population.DTo keep track of the bees movements.3It can be inferred from the last paragraph that_.Athe pesticides have been forbidden to use in all European countriesB
9、Bayer CropScience agrees that the pesticides affect the bees populationCtransporting beehives to farms can surely have an effect on beesDthe use of pesticides is likely to be banned in more countries4What does the passage mainly talk about?AThe relationship between pesticides and bees.BHoneybee colo
10、ny collapse disorder.CNew findings about the reduction of bees.DPesticides that kill bees must be banned.(二)The brown widow spider became established in Southern California in early 2000 and has become part of the local spider family in urban Los Angeles and San Diego. The brown widow spider is cont
11、inuing its expansion in Southern California and could possibly move northwards into Central California.The brown widow is suspected to have evolved in Africa although it was first described from South America, which adds confusion as to where it might have originated. It is a tropical and subtropica
12、l spider having established populations in Hawaii, Florida, parts of Australia, South Africa and Japan. In North America, the brown widow was restricted for many decades to the Florida peninsula. However, around the year 2000, it started showing up in other Gulf Coast states. Brown widows are now kn
13、own from Texas to Georgia and South Carolina.The brown widow builds its web in protected sites around homes and in woody vegetation with branches. Some typical sites selected by brown widows for web building are empty containers such as buckets and nursery pots, mail boxes, entry way corners, under
14、eaves(屋檐), storage closets and garages, undercarriages of motor vehicles that are stationary for long periods, and the undersides of outdoor furniture. They choose places that are more exposed than sites chosen by black widows and therefore appear to be at higher risk for interactions with humans as
15、 far as bites are concerned.One recent study demonstrates that the brown widow spider is less poisonous than other widow species. The reason for the weaker effect of brown widow bites on humans is possibly because the brown widow does not have much poison as its larger relatives, but it is really a
16、threat to humans as to its poison. The two major symptoms of a brown widow bite are that the bite hurts when it is given and it leaves a red mark. These two symptoms are not much different from the bite of normal household spiders.There is no specific information regarding the control of brown widows by farm chemicals. Most current advice is what is used for control
