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1、七年级英语上册语法总结一、词法部分1.Personal Pronouns & Possessive Adjectives(人称代词和形容词性物主代词）当明确地知道所谈的人或事物时，可以用人称代词代替名词。英语中有下面这些人称代词并拓展出其主格+宾格：再拓展出形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词（形代+名代）I me my mineyou you your yoursYou you your yourshe him his hisShe her her hersit it its itsWe us our oursthey them their theirsl人称代词在句子中可以做主语和宾语及表语,
2、它包括主格和宾格；l人称代词主格一般做主语，经常放在句首。l人称代词宾格一般做宾语，经常放在宾语的位置或者介词的后面。Eg:Theylive near us.（They 做主语）My brother often writes tome. （me 做宾语，也即宾格）Oh, itsyou.( you 做表语）l形容词性物主代词：共有八个形代，是八个形代的再生,表示“.的”，一般修饰名词,或者代替那个名词。主要起到修饰、限定性作用。Eg: Look atmyroom. The room ismine.Ourteacher is in the office. xl名词性物主代词：可以做主语、宾语、和表
3、语。名词性物主代词作主语：Our room is on the first floor, andtheirsis on the second.名词性物主代词作宾语：I dont have a dictionary. I often borrowhis.名词性物质代词作表语:These notebooks areours.2.Articles:(冠词）英语有两种冠词：不定冠词（Indefinite Articles）和定冠词（Definite Articles）1.不定冠词（a, an）a 与an 的用法不同。a 用以辅音开头的单词前：Eg: a cat a universityAn 用在以元音
4、开头的单词前。Eg: an apple an hour an interesting book.不定冠词用于修饰单数可数名词。可以表示以下的意思： 表示“一个”Eg：There is an apple on the table.My grandpa has a little dog. 表示“某个”， 不具体指某个人或物。Eg: Please pass me a pen.A young man wants to see you. 表示某种类别或类型。Eg: Hes an American.A rose is a flower.2.定冠词（the）定冠词可以用在各类名词前，包括单数、复数的可数名词
5、和不可数名词。定冠词的主要用法如下：l表示因再次提到而成为特指的事物：Mark has a little dog. He likes the dog a lot.Please put the books on your shelf.l表示独一无二的事物，或者用于含有普通名词的专有名词前：The earth goes around the sun.We want to go to the Great Wall.lThe+ 单数名词可以表示一类事物：My favourite fast food is the hamburger.lThe+形容词表示一类人：The poor the sick the
6、 beautifull用于习惯用法中，并不特指某事物，也无实际意义：Go to the cinema in the morning play the piano3.Have/ hasHave / has 表示“有”，在英式英语中常用have/has got 来表示拥有。l在肯定句中，当主语是第一人称、第二人称和第三人称复数时用have；主语为第三人称单数时用has。例如：I have an English book.She has a dictionary.Mary has blue eyes.l在否定句中, 主语是人称单数时，doesnt +动词；主语为其他人称时，用dont +动词.例如：
7、He doesnt (does not) have a car.We do not (dont) have any money.l在疑问句中，主语是第三人称单数时，用does提问；主语为其他人称时，用do提问。例如：Do you have a CD?Yes, I do./ No, I dont.Does Jenny have a pencil case?Yes, she does./No, she doesnt.二、时间介词和方位介词的用法1.Prepositions of time(时间介词）介词是表示词与词、词与句之间关系的虚词。常用的时间介词有：Inl表示“在一段时间内”：Its ver
8、y cold in the north in winter.In June, its very hot.l表示“过.后”（从现在算起的时间之后）Ill be back in a minute.In a month or two, well go abroad.l表示“一天内的部分时间”：In the morning in the afternoon in the eveningOn表示“一天或一天内的部分时间”We have history class on Monday and Thursday.They are usually free on Sunday morning.My fathe
9、r was born on March 12, 1968.At表示“某指定时间”：We have lunch at twelve.They got home at noon/ midnight.2.Prepositions of Place.(方位介词）方位介词指示人或物的方位。常用的方位介词和介词短语有：lAbove 表示“在.的上面，高出”：The airplane is flying above the clouds.The mountain is five hundred meters above the sea.lBelow表示“在.的下面， 低于”：Please sign your
10、 name below the line.The desk is below the picture.lBehind 表示“在.的后面”There are many trees behind the building.I guess the children are hiding behind the wall.lBeside表示“在.的旁边”Come and sit beside me.There is a restaurant beside the road.lIn front of 表示“在.的前面”：There is a TV in front of the sofa.There ar
11、e some flowers in front of the house.三、语法中的句法1.There be 句型：There be 结构表示人或事物的存在，句子中往往带有地点状语或时间状语。其中there 是引导词，本身没有具体的意义；be 是谓语动词，其后面的名词是句子的主语。There +be 结构中，谓语be 的形式应该与后面主语的数保持一致。l主语是单数时，用is.There is a big park near my home.There is a book on the desk.l主语是复数时，用are:There are some balls under the table
12、.There are two rivers in the city.l有两个或两个以上主语时，be 和最接近它的主语的数保持一致：There is a ruler and some pencils in the pencil case.There are some pencils and a ruler in the pencil case.l主语是不可数名词，且用单数计量时用is.There is some water in the bottle.There is many bread in the plate. There are three pieces of bread.2.Wh-qu
13、estions 特殊疑问句：l特殊疑问句以疑问代词who, what, which, whose 或疑问副词when, where, how, why等开头，多使用倒装语序。Eg:Who is the man over there?What are you doing?Which film do you like best?When is your birthday?Where are you going for your holiday?Why are you late for school?How do you go to school?l如果疑问代词作主语或者主语的修饰语，则用陈述句语序
14、。例如：Who is your brother?Whose dictionary is this?3.Can 句型：（注意，can 没有人称和数的变化）Can是情态动词，表示“能够”， 后接动词原形。l在陈述句中，can后面直接加动词原形：Most women here can read and write now.l在否定句中，can变为cannot 或cant, 后接动词原形：A blind man cannot(cant) judge colours.l在疑问句中，can置于句首。肯定和否定回答分别用can和cannot（cant）Can you ride a bike?Yes, I can. /No, I cannot(cant)4
