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1、必过01 五大基本句型和句子成分一简单句简单句就是由一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语)构成的句子。简单句有五种基本句式，其他各种句式都是由这五种基本句式演变而来。基本句型一：SV (主谓)释义：此句型的句子有一个共同特点，即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。SV (不及物动词)1.Timeflies. 2.The moonrose.3.Shesings beautifully. 4.Theytalked for half an hour.5.Hewalked yesterday. 特别注意主语可有修饰语定语，谓语可有修饰
2、语状语。The red sun rises in the east.红色的太阳从东方升起。基本句型二：SVO (主谓宾)释义：此句型的句子有一个共同特点，谓语动词都具有实义，都是主语产生的动作，但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟有一个宾语，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。SV (及物动词)O (宾语) 1.Whoknowsthe answer？2.Shelaughs ather.3.Theyatesome apples.4.Dannylikesswimming.5.Iwantto have a cup of tea. 基本句型三：SVIODO (主谓间宾直宾)释义：此句型的句子有一个共同特点，谓语动
3、词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。这两个宾语一个是动作的直接承受者，另一个是动作的间接承受者。SV (及物)IO (多指人)DO (多指物)1.Shepassedhima new dress.2.Shecookedher husbanda delicious meal.3.Ishowedhimmy pictures.4.Itoldhimhow to run the machine. 5.Heshowedmethe bus over there. 基本句型四：SVOC (主谓宾宾补)释义：此句型的句子有一个共同特点，动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成
4、分来补足宾语，才能使意思完整。SV (及物)O (宾语)C (宾补)1.Wekeepthe tableclean.2.Whatmakeshimsad？3.Wesawhimout.4.Heaskedmeto come back soon.5.Isawthemgetting on the bus.基本句型五：SVP (主系表)释义：此句型的句子有一个共同特点，句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。SLinkingV (系动词)P (表语)1.Thisisan English dictionary.2.The dinnersmel
5、lsgood.3.Hefellhappy.4.The bookisinteresting.5.The weatherbecamewarmer.知识拓展6类系动词(1)状态系动词，用来表示主语状态，只有be (am, is, are, was, were)一词。(2)持续系动词，用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，主要有keep, remain, stay, lie, stand。(3)表象系动词，用来表示“看起来像”这一概念，主要有seem, appear, look。(4)感官系动词，主要有feel, smell, sound, taste。(5)变化系动词，表示主语变成什么样，主要有be
6、come, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come。(6)终止系动词，表示主语已终止动作，主要有prove, turn out。二并列句并列句由两个或两个以上并列而又独立的简单句构成。在并列句中，这些简单句常由并列连词(短语)连在一起。并列连词用法例句and, not only . but (also) ., both . and . 等表并列、顺承或递进关系There the air is clean and the mountains are green.那里空气清新，千山一碧。but, yet, whereas等表转折关系The failure was a big
7、 blow to him, but he wasnt discouraged and soon got as enthusiastic as ever.这次失败对他是个很大的打击，但他并没有沮丧，很快便像以前一样充满热情。or, either . or ., not . but .等表选择关系Either you must improve your work or I shall dismiss you.要么你改进工作，要么我就辞退你。for, so表因果关系。for连接的分句一般不能放在句首The leaves of the trees are falling, for its alread
8、y autumn.树叶在坠落，因为秋天已经到了。and, or表条件或结果关系，常用于句型“祈使句and/or陈述句”中You have to move out of the way or the truck cannot get past you.你得让出路来，否则卡车无法从你身旁通过。while作为并列连词，强调两种情况的对比I drink black coffee while he prefers it with milk.我爱喝黑咖啡，而他更喜欢喝加牛奶的。特别注意when可用作并列连词，相当于and at this/that time，意为“正在这/那时；突然”，常用于下列句式：sb
9、. be about to do/going to do/on the point of doing sth. when . (某人正要做某事，突然)；sb. be doing sth. when . (某人正在做某事，突然)；sb. had just done sth. when . (某人刚做完某事，突然)。He was about to go out when the telephone rang.他正要出去时，电话铃响了。He had just finished writing a report when the boss let him type a letter.他刚写完一篇报告，
10、老板就让他打印一封信件。一、单项选择1Shenzhen Experimental School, one of the most renowned schools in Shenzhen, lies at the foot of Guanlong Mountain. What sentence element does the underlined part serve as?Aadverbial (状语)Bcomplement (补语)Cattributive (定语)Dappositive (同位语)2Please leave the lights on when you walk out
11、 of the room. What sentence element does the underlined part serve as?Aadverbial (状语)Bcomplement (补语)Cattributive (定语)Dappositive (同位语)3I enjoyed the evening when we stayed together by the sea. What sentence element (句子成分) does the underlined part serve as?Aadverbial (状语)Bcomplement (补语)Cattributive
12、 (定语)Dappositive (同位语)4Please analyze the structure of the sentence; “He started an IT company after graduation.”ASVOCBSVACSVOADSPA5She didnt fancy the idea of going home in the dark.A花哨的B自认为是C想要D精致的6The four countries that belong to the United Kingdom work together in some areas.主句中的主语是:_。Athe four
13、 countriesBthe United KingdomCSome areasDbelong to7Born in the USA, Whitacre began studying music at the University of Nevada. 句子中的谓语动词是_。ABornBbeganCWhitacreDstudying8Robin, a rocket scientist, agrees and thinks starting with Mars makes the most sense.句子中非谓语动词是：AagreesBthinksCstartingDmakes9The sin
14、ger fell in love with Mozarts music when he sang for the college choir.从句中主语是：AThe singerBMozarts musicCheDthe college choir10Riding on the only steam engine still working in the southeastern United States is a special treat when you pay a visit to the country. 主句主语的主干部分是？Athe only steam engineBsoutheastern United StatesCRiding on the only steam engineDworking in the southeastern United States11After studying for another year, he managed to pass the exam, entering college in 1896. 句子谓语是？AstudyingBmanagedCpassDentering12Whether she will
