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1、专题02 名词和主谓一致1.热练掌握名词单数变复数的基本规则;2.掌握常考不可数名词的用法:3.根据句意或主谓一致原则确定名词的数4.掌握名词的格;5. 掌握主谓一致“3”原则 考点一 、可数名词的复数 (1)规则变化情况方法例词一般情况加sstudents，teachers，doc tors，tables以s，x，ch，sh结尾加es（如果词尾-ch发音为/k/，要+s, 如stomachs）glasses，dishes，boxes，watches 以辅音字母y结尾变y为i再加esfamilies，babies，armies，bodies以元音字母y结尾加sboys，toys，pianos，
2、photos以f或fe结尾大都变f或fe为v，再加esthieves，wives，knives，shelves，lives少数加sbeliefs，proofs，roofs，chiefs以o结尾通常加sradios，videos，zoos，tobaccos有的加esheroes，potatoes，tomatoes注意：以o结尾的下列名词要加es，它们是黑人英雄在回声中吃土豆、西红柿，即Negroes，heroes，echoes，potatoes，tomatoes。但下列以o结尾的名词既可以加es，也可以加s，它们是：zeros(zeroes)零，mosquitos (mosquitoes)蚊子，
3、volcanos(volcanoes)火山。以f或fe结尾的下列名词需要把f或fe去掉，加ves，树叶半数自己黄，妻子拿刀去割粮；架后窜出一只狼，就像小偷逃命忙。 在这些词中，由单数变复数时，须先将f或fe变为v再加-es变成复数，即：树叶 leaf - leaves, 半数half-halves, 自己selfselves; 妻子 wife-wives, 刀knife - knives, 长条面包loafloves; 架 shelf -shelves, 狼wolf -wolves, 小偷 thiefthieves;生命life-lives。相信证据在悬崖的顶房。在这些词中，由单数变复数时，直
4、接在词尾加-s构成，即：相信（belief -beliefs）；悬崖（cliff - cliffs）证据（proof - proofs）上顶房（即房顶、屋顶 roof - roofs）名词前有man或woman修饰，变复数时，作定语的man 或woman和后面的名词都要变成复数。如：woman doctorwomen doctors(2)不规则变化常见单复数同形的名词Chinese 中国人；sheep 绵羊；deer鹿；series 系列；means 方式；works 工厂；fish 鱼；fruit 水果等。其中fish，fruit表示种类时，可加复数词尾，即fishes，fruits。自身有
5、特殊变化的名词child孩子children man男人men tooth牙teeth foot脚，英尺feet mouse老鼠mice phenomenon现象phenomena medium传播媒介media考点二 、不可数名词具体化(1)通常只用作不可数名词的名词：advice建议， furniture家具， fun乐趣；information信息，news新闻， weather天气， progress进步，wealth财富，value价值等。(2)不可数名词具体化具有某种特性、状态、情感的抽象名词在表示具体的概念时，可以与不定冠词连用，常考的有：单词抽象名词意义具体化名词意义succe
6、ss 成功成功的人或事pleasure乐趣令人高兴的事beauty美；美丽美丽的人或事物comfort安慰；慰藉令人感到安慰的人或事物danger危险危险的人或因素delight高兴令人高兴的事 failure失败失败的人或事物surprise惊奇令人惊奇的事情 shock震惊令人震惊的事情pride骄傲令人骄傲的事情Your contribution will certainly make the event a huge success.你的贡献一定会使这个事件很成功。物质名词具体化drink饮料two drinks 两杯饮料 coffee咖啡a coffee一杯咖啡 chalk 粉笔a
7、chalk 一支粉笔 hair 头发a hair 一根头发抽象名词与a(an)连用，淡化了抽象概念，转化为似乎可以体验到的动作、行为或类别。例如：Being able to afford a drink would be a comfort in those tough times.在那些艰难的时期，能够买得起一杯酒会是一件欣慰的事。考点三、 名词所有格(1)s所有格用and连接的并列名词的所有格要分两种情况，即表示各自的所有关系时，要分别在并列名词后加s 或；表示共同的所有关系时，只在最后一个名词后加s或。Toms and Jims rooms.汤姆和吉姆(各自)的房间。Tom and Ji
8、ms room.汤姆和吉姆(共同)的房间。表示店铺、办公室或某人的家时，名词所有格后被修饰的名词一般省略。at the barbers在理发店at the teachers在老师办公室(2)of所有格表示无生命的事物的名词通常用of所有格表示所有关系；名词短语或有定语修饰的有生命的名词也常用of所有格。the content of the novel小说的内容the name of the girl over there那边那位女孩的名字(3)双重所有格指名词of名词所有格或名词of名词性物主代词。a play of Shakespeares(莎士比亚的一个戏剧)考点四 主谓一致1. 掌握主谓
9、一致的三个原则：语法形态一致、逻辑意义一致和就近一致；2. 掌握主谓一致中的固定搭配； 3. 掌握定语从句中的主谓一致；4. 掌握倒装句、强调句中的主谓一致。语法一致：就是谓语动词和主语在单、复数形式上保持一致。1. 单数名词、不可数名词、不定式、动名词或从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数。主语为复数时，谓语动词用复数。 His father is working on the farm. Time is money. To finish all the work on time is impossible. Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes. The
10、children are in the classroom 2 hours ago.由what引导的主语从句，后面的谓语动词多用单数但如果表语是复数或what从句是一个带有复数意义的并列结构时，谓语动词用复数。What I bought were 3 English books.What I say and do are helpful to you.2.由and 或both.and 连接起来的合成主语后面谓语动词用复数。Lucy and Lily are twins.She and I are friends.Both she and he are Young Pioneers.如果and所
11、连接的两个词是指同一个人或物时，它后面的谓语动词就用单数。The writer and artist has come.由and 连接的并列单数主语前分别有each, every, no more than a(an), many a(an)修饰时，谓语动词用单数。Every student and every teacher was in the room.No boy and no girl likes it.3.主语后面有with, together with, except, but, like, as well as, rather than, more than, no less
12、than, besides, including等引起的短语时，谓语动词的单复数由主语的单复数决定。Mr Green, together with his wife and children, has come to China.Nobody but Jim and Mike was on the playground.She, like you and Tom, is very tall.4.either, neither, each, every或no+单数neither/neither/none of 复数名词，还有some, any, no, every 构成的复合不定代词作主语，谓语
13、动词用单数。Each of us has a new book.Everything around us is matter.Neither of the texts is interesting.None of us has been to South Africa.5.定语从句中，关系代词that, which, who 作主语时，谓语动词的数和先行词一致。He is one of my students who are working hard.He is the only one of my friends who is working hard.6.集体名词family, class
14、, crowd, committee, population, audience等，指整体时，用单数；指集体的成员时，用复数。His family is a happy one.The whole family are watching TV.The population of China is 1400 million.(人口)One third of the population here are workers.(人)people, cattle, police作主语时，谓语动词用复数。7.由 a lot of, lots of, plenty of, the rest of, the
15、majority of 名词，或者是分数/百分数名词构成的短语作主语，谓语动词的数由名词的单复数决定。The rest of the lecture is wonderful.A lot of time is wasted.A lot of people take part in the meeting.2/3 water is drunk by him.2/3 students are absent.8.倒装句中，谓语v.的数与其后的主语一致。On the wall are many pictures.Such is the result.Such are the facts.8.不定代词作主语1）. 当作主语的名词前有each，neither，either，every修饰或each，neither，either作主语时，谓语动词用单数。Each stu
