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1、专题05 形容词和副词1. 熟练掌握形容词和副词的句法功能和分类;2. 掌握形容词、副词比较级和最高级的规则变化和不规则变化:3. 掌握修饰比较级和最高级的标志词和相关句式;4. 掌握倍数表达法;5. 掌握形容词后缀、形容词变副词构词法 考点一 形容词和副词的用法1形容词的用法：修饰名词作定语；跟在系动词后作表语；跟在宾语后作宾补；还可用作状语。*Having been praised by the teacher, the little girl ran back home, happy and satisfied.被老师表扬之后，这个小女孩跑回了家，既开心又满足。2副词的用法：修饰动词；修
2、饰形容词或副词；修饰整个句子，单独作状语。*（2022新高考全国卷）I firmly believe that you will finish your run if you bravely face this challenge.我坚信，只要你勇敢地面对这次挑战，你一定能跑完全程。名师点津 有些副词如fortunately、luckily、surprisingly、honestly、actually、personally等作评注性状语时往往修饰整个句子，对整个句子进行说明或解释，表示说话人的态度与看法。通常位于句首，常用逗号与句子分开。考点二 形容词变副词的规则类别例词直接加lyclearc
3、learly清楚地greatgreatly很，大大地以“辅音字母y”结尾的形容词，变y为i再加lyhappyhappily高兴地heavyheavily沉重地词尾为ble/le的形容词，去掉e，再加y（whole例外）terribleterribly极度地gentlegently轻柔地词尾为ue的形容词，去掉e，再加lytruetruly真实地词尾为ll的形容词，直接加yfullfully充分地；完全地dulldully迟钝地词尾为ic的形容词，加ally（public例外）basicbasically基本上scientificscientifically合乎科学地名师点津 单词以ly结尾，但
4、却是形容词而非副词的有lively、lonely、lovely、deadly、friendly、ugly、silly、timely等。 考点三 形容词和副词的比较等级（一）比较级和最高级的构成1规则形式（1）单音节以及少数双音节形容词和副词，在原级后加er、est构成比较级和最高级，如hardharderhardest。其他特殊变化见下表： 词形分类及变化构成原级比较级最高级单音节词和少数双音节词 一般加er或esttalltallertallestlonglongerlongest以e结尾的，只加r或stnicenicernicestfinefinerfinest以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一
5、个辅音字母的，先双写该辅音字母再加er或estbigbiggerbiggesthothotterhottestfatfatterfattest以“辅音字母加y”结尾的，先变y为i再加er或esthappyhappierhappiesteasyeasiereasiest其他双音节词和多音节词在前面加more或mostdifficultmore difficultmost difficultbeautifulmore beautifulmost beautiful（2）多音节和部分双音节形容词和副词，在原级前加more、most构成。activemore activemost activehapp
6、ilymore happilymost happily名师点津 （1）少数双音节词及以er或le结尾的词，可以有两种比较级和最高级形式：commoncommoner/more commoncommonest/most common。（2）表示“最高程度”的形容词，如excellent、extreme、perfect、favorite等，没有最高级，也不能用比较级。2不规则形式原级比较级最高级good/wellbetterbestbad/illworseworstmany/much moremostoldolder/elderoldest/eldestlittlelessleastfarfart
7、her(具体)farthest(具体)further(抽象)furthest(抽象)（二）比较等级的用法1同级比较：“as形容词/副词的原级as”，其否定形式是“not as/so形容词/副词的原级as”。*He worked as well as a qualified technician.他干得跟合格的技术员一样好。2比较级结构：“形容词/副词的比较级than”；“more/less多音节或某些双音节的形容词或副词than”。常见的修饰比较级的词有any、much、even、far、by far、a lot、a great deal等。*The book is far more inte
8、resting than the books I have ever read.这本书比我读过的书有趣得多。3最高级结构：“the形容词的最高级（名词）比较范围（in/of/among短语）”；“one of the形容词的最高级名词复数”。常用来修饰最高级的词有by far、almost以及序数词等。*My parents wanted me to have the best education.我父母想让我接受最好的教育。（三）比较级的常用句型1“比较级and比较级”或“more and more/less and less原级”意为“越来越”。*Holiday flight ticket
9、s are getting less and less expensive.假期的机票越来越便宜了。2“the比较级主语谓语， the比较级主语谓语”，意为“越就越”。*（2022全国甲卷满分作文）The more people are involved, the better the ocean environment is.参与的人越多，海洋环境就越好。3“the比较级of （the）名词/代词”，意为“（两者中）较的”。*Of the two cameras, I would prefer the smaller one, which is very easy for me to car
10、ry.这两个照相机中，我喜欢较小的那个，它很容易携带。（四）比较级表示最高级含义1“否定词比较级”或“否定词such/so.as”结构表示最高级含义。*Your story is perfect; Ive never heard a better one before.你的故事太完美了；我从来没有听过比这更好的故事。2比较级在以下几种结构中均表示最高级含义：（1）比较级thanany other可数名词单数；（2）比较级thanall the other可数名词复数；（3）比较级thanany of the other可数名词复数*The Yangtze River is longer tha
11、n any other river/than all the other rivers/than any of the other rivers in China.长江比中国的其他任何一条河都长。/长江是中国最长的河。（五）倍数表达法常见的倍数表达法结构主要有：1Ais倍数比较级thanB；2Ais倍数as原级asB；3Ais倍数the名词（size、length、height等）ofB；4The名词（size、length、height等）ofAis倍数thatofB；5Ais倍数what引导的名词性从句*Smoking is harmful to peoples health, killi
12、ng seven times more people each year than traffic accidents.吸烟对人们的健康有害，每年因吸烟而丧命的人比死于交通事故的人多7倍。一、根据汉语意思填写单词2 1（2021秋吉林高二统考学业考试）We Chinese are (自豪的) to witness our countrys development. （2021秋吉林高二统考学业考试）Young men should be (勇敢的) to face challenges. 二、根据首字母填写单词3（2022秋广东清远高一校联考学业考试）It is e difficult to
13、get used to the local weather. The temperature often drops sharply from 35 to 18 within a day. 三、用单词的适当形式完成句子4（2020秋广东佛山高一统考学业考试）It was (challenge) because we had only less than two weeks for preparation. 5（2020秋广东佛山高一统考学业考试） (unfortunate), being a doctor can be stressful, especially when challenges
14、 arise. 6 （2020秋广东佛山高一统考学业考试）I was (disappoint) that we played so well yet still lost. 8 7（2021秋吉林高二统考学业考试）It is going to be (wind), so I wont have n picnic with my friends. （2021秋吉林高二统考学业考试）My sister (obvious) has a talent for playing the piano. 9（2021秋吉林高二统考学业考试）We were (worry) about heavy traffic, so we left home a little earlier than usual.10（2021秋黑龙江哈尔滨高二哈尔滨三中校考学业考试）To his mothers anger, the boy was totally (aware) of the trouble he had caused.四、单项选择11（2022内蒙古高二统
