高三英语语法复习讲座非谓语动词语法

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1、ostopDtowork;tostopAgoodstorydoesnotnecessarilyhavoleave.Hisdreamistobeadoctor.Herworkistolookaftert反对,bebusy忙于,feelike想要payattentionto注意cometo谈emade.Healwaysworkshard.立身以立学为先,立学以读书为本AlearnBtole立身以立学为先,立学以读书为本高三英语语法复习讲座-非-谓语动词非谓语动词是指动词的三种变化形式,在句中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的动词形式。非谓语 动词分为三种形式:不定式、动名词和分词(分词包括现在分词和过去分

2、词)不定式的构成:是由“to+动词原形”构成即、 to do ,否定式是not to do不定式可以带宾语或状语构成不定式短语,没有人称和数的变化,但有时态和语态的变化。 不定式的各种形式:一般时进行时完成时完成进行时主动to doto be doingto have doneTo have beendoing被动 to be doneto have been done不定式的作用:不定式可以做主语、宾语、状语、表语和定语。1、 作主语 不定式作主语时,谓语用单数。往往用 it 作形式主语,把不定式放在谓语后面。如:It took us two hours to finish the exam

3、.It is important for us to study English well.It is very kind of you to help me with my English.注意:( 1 )其他系动词如 look, appear 等也可用于此句型。(2 )当不定式作主语的句子中又有一个不定式作表语时,不能用 It is to 的句型。试 比较:It is to support my own idea to believe him. (错)To believe him is to support my own idea . (对)(3)It is+ adj. of / for

4、sb. to do sth. 结构中,当不定式的逻辑主语和前面的形容词可以构成系表 结构时, 用 of, 否则用 for. It sbrave of him to save the boy. 可以说成, He is brave to save the boy.2、 作宾语( 1) 动词+不定式。如:He managed to escape from the fire.I find it hard to get along with him. (it 作形式宾语)注: 下列动词通常用不定式作宾语: plan, hope, wish, promise, refuse, help, decide,

5、learn,agree, choose 等(2) 动词+疑问词+to , “特殊疑问句+不定式”相当于名词,作宾语。如: I don tknow what to do next/ how to do it next.I cantdecide when to go there.注意:不定式短语作宾语时,如果还带有宾语补足语,往往把不定式短语放在宾语补足 语之后,用it 作形式宾语。如:I find it necessary to learn a foreign language.(make,feel,think,bilieve 等常用于本句型)3、 作宾语补足语( 1) 动词+宾语+不定式( t

6、o do )。如:He warned me to be careful.I want you to speak to Tom.What makes you think so? (不带 to 的不定式)注: 可以用动词不定式做宾补的动词有: ask, tell, order ,want ,get, would like, like, advise, invite, allow, help, wish,warn, expect, prefer, encourage如果先于主动词的动作,且强调先后,要用havingdone。如:Havingfinishedhishes.AareboughtBboug

7、htCbeenboughtDbuying.WhenIgotbac两个不定式,第二个Thebossmadethemworkthewholenight.to可以省去。如chine=amachineforwashingaswimmingpool=apoolforswim立身以立学为先,立学以读书为本特别注意,在一下动词后的不定式做宾语补足语的不定式主动语态中省略 to,被动语态还原to Listen to, hear,watch ,see,look at,notice,observe,feel,make,have,let, 其中 help(可省略,也可不省略)The boss makes him w

8、ork ten hours a day.-He is made to work ten hours.help 后面作宾语补足语的不定式可以带 to,也可以不带to.I often help him (to)clean the room.I helped him (to) find his things.(2) 表见解、看法的动词结构可为:动词+宾语+to be 的不定式结构。如: We consider Tom to be one of the best students in our class.The book is believed to be useful. (被动语态)(3) The

9、re +不定式。如:We didn texpect there to be so many people there. 我们没料到会有那么多人在那里。注意:( 1 )有些动词需用 as 短语作补语,像 regard, think, believe, take, consider 。如: We regard Tom as our best teacher. 我们认为汤姆是我们最好的老师。Mary took him as her father. 玛丽把他当作自己的父亲。((3)help 后面作宾语补足语的不定式可以带 to,也可以不带to. I often help him (to)clean t

10、he room.I helped him (to) find his things.4、 作定语不定式作定语,修饰名词或代词,不定式和它所修饰的名词之间有逻辑上的主谓关系、动状关 系、同位关系或动宾关系。不定式通常要放在这些被修饰的词后。如:I have a lot of work to do. (动宾关系)He is looking for a room to live in. (动状关系)He is the first person to think of the idea. (主谓关系)He has got a chance to go abroad. (同位关系)注意: 1.不定式的逻

11、辑主语是句子的主语时,不定式用主动形式表被动。如:Do you have anything else to say? 2.如果作定语的不定式是一个短语,则要保留不定时短语中的副词或介词。如:I need a pen to write with . (I will wirte with the pen ) ( 我需要一直钢笔写字)I have a little baby to look after .(I must look after the little baby ) ( 我有一个婴儿要照看)作状语,表示目的、结果、原因等,有时还有一些固定搭配的不定式短语,如 in order to , s

12、o as to, so as to, such as to, .enough to, too to 等。( 1) 做目的状语, to, only to (仅仅为了), in order to, so as to, so(such) .as to (如此以便)如:Heransofastastocatchthefirstbus. 他飞快地跑以便赶上第一班车。Hecametotheschooltoseehisson.(2) 作结果状语,表事先没有预料到的,要放在句子后面。如: Hehurriedtothepostofficeonlytofinditwasclosed. Hesearchedthero

13、omonlytofindnothing.(3) 做原因状语。如:We were very excited to hear the news.Im glad to see you.(4) 做条件状语。如:To turn to the left , you could find a post office.5、 作表语ming动名词的复合结构有形容词性无助代词或人称代词的宾格、名词所有格、或普通格加动名词构成,作主语savetheboy.可以说成,Heisbravetosavetheboy.作宾语(1)动词+不定式:HewantstomovetoFranceandmarrythegirl.Help

14、可带to,也可不d立身以立学为先,立学以读书为本是主动关系,用ing形式作状语现在分词和过去分词在句中可以作时间、立身以立学为先,立学以读书为本不定式可放在 be 动词后面,构成表语。如:The question is how to put it into practice.My question is when to leave.His dream is to be a doctor.Her work is to look after the babies.注意: 1.不定式在句中作表语时,对应的谓语动词用单数。2.当主语是不定式时,表语不能用 Ving 形式,要用不定式。 如: To se

15、e is to believe. (眼见为实)6、 独立结构。如:To tell you the truth, I don tagree with you.To make matters worse, it began to rain.一、 不定式的时态和语态1、 不定式的时态( 1) 现在时:有时与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生,有时发生在谓语动词的动作之后。如: He seems to know this. I hope to see you again.(2) 完成时:表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。如:Im sorry to have given you so much trouble.He seems to have caught a cold.(3) 进行时:表示动作正在进行,与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生。如: He seems to be eatin

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