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1、专题09并列句和状语从句 Part 基础知识点讲义Part 会考真题精练Part 最新试题测试Part 基础知识点讲义一、并列句 并列句由两个或者两个以上独立分句并列在一起构成， 起基本结构是 分句加并列连词加分句。在并列句中， 除了使用并列连词以外还可以使用并列连词词组， 或者连接副词来连接分句，有时甚至不用并列连词， 只用逗号. 分号. 冒号等把分句隔开。常用的并列连词有：and , but , or, for, so , neither, nor 并列连词词组有：eitheror, neithernor, bothand, as well as, not onlybut also 连接副
2、词有：besides, furthermore, moreover 1. 表示联合关系常用and , neithernor, not onlybut also 等连词There was a big storm after midnight and the rain poured down.I can neither write songs nor play the guitar.2. 表示选择关系常用or, either or 等连词We cook a dinner together, or we go for a long walk.either one of his daughters r
3、eplaces him as a prisoner in the castle, or he will die. 3. 表示转折和对比关系 常用yet， but， however， while 等 but表示完全转折， 语气较强。 while主要表示对比。 however在使用时必须用逗号把它和句子其他成分隔开。 yet既可以用作并列连词也可以用作连接副词。Some sports are done indoors, while others are done outdoors. They wanted to charge 5,000 for the car, but we managed to
4、 bring the price down.In some places women are expected to earn money while men work at home and raise their children.One can not see wind, however, it does exist.Id like to go with you ; however , my hands are full.The essay is good; it could be improved ,however.He worked hard, yet he failed .(并列连
5、词)It is strange, and yet it is true. (连接副词)4. 表示因果关系常用so， for，therefore等连接词I didnt get enough sleep so I didnt feel very well this morning.It was raining, therefore we had to stay at home.He found it increasingly difficult to read , for his eyesight was brginning to fail.5. 表示条件或者结果常用and或者or等连词Simpl
6、y raise your hand , and a taxi appears in no time.Dont drive too fast or you will have an accident .Stand over there and you will see the oil painting better.You have to move out of the way or the truck cant get past.6. 表示递进关系常用besides， furthermore，moreover等连接副词。Television is entertaining; besides/f
7、urthermore/moreover, it is instructive.并列句固定句型 注意：1.包含并列连词的特殊句式。(1)祈使句，and/or主谓结构。(2)名词短语，and主谓结构。(3).be about to.when.正要这时突然Climb to the top of the mountain，and youll get a good view of the city.Hurry up，or youll be late.Another five minutes，and Ill finish the composition.A few minutes and they wen
8、t away.He was about to go out when it began to rain heavily.2.however，but，while的用法比较。however另起新句,有逗号与句子隔开。but不需另起新句。while既表示对比，又表转折。He was ill，but he still kept on working. What she said sounded reasonable，Mr. Green，however，didnt believe her. 她说得有道理，然而，格林先生就是不信她。There is plenty of rain in the south
9、while there is little rain in the north. 南方多雨而北方少雨。3.(1) so不能与because连用。(2)but，while不与although连用，但yet，still可与although连用二、状语从句作状语的句子为状语从句，修饰主句中的动词、形容词或副词等。状语从句放在主句之前时，常用逗号隔开;放在主句之后时，一般不用逗号。状语从句按其意义和作用可分为时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、方式、比较、让步等。引导状语从句的连词归纳如下:从句连词时间状语从句when, while, as, whenever, till, until，before,
10、 after, by the time, the first time ，as soon as, the moment, each time, since，no sooner .than. immediately等地点状语从句where，wherever, everywhere 等条件状语从句if, unless, providing, as long as, on condition that, in case, if only等让步状语从句though, although, even if/even though，as, while, whatever, however, no matte
11、r +疑问词等原因状语从句because, since, as, now that, seeing that，considering that, in that, given that 等目的状语从句that, so that(为了)，lest, in case, for fear that, in order that等结果状语从句so that(因此)，so.that .suchthat.等比较状语从句方式状语从句as.as. ,than等as if/as though, (just)as 等考点一、 时间状语从句一、when/while/as引导的时间状语从句1. when引导的时间状语
12、从句1. when引导的时间状语从句，其动词既可以是延续性动作的动词，也可以是瞬间性动作的动词，而且可以表示主句的动作和从句的动作同时发生，或者从句的动作发生在主句的动作之前。When you apply for a job, you must present your credentials. 当你申请工作时，你必须递交你的有关证件。（同时）When the students heard the teachers footsteps, they all atopped talking. 当学生们听到老师的脚步声时，他们都停止了讲话。（从句动作发生在前）2. when还可表示just then
13、（正在那时，突然）的意思，此时其所引导的从句只放在主句之后。be about to do . when . 正要去做某事，突然be doing . when . 正在做某事，突然be on the point of doing . when . 正在做某事，突然We were about to start when it began to rain. 我们正要动身，突然天下起雨来。The game had hardly/scarcely/barely begun when it started raining. 比赛刚刚开始就下起雨来。2. while引导的时间状语从句while表示在某一段时
14、间里或在期间，其所引导的从句的动作是延续性的，并侧重表示和主句的动作同时发生。When the teacher paraphrased the text in English, the students listened attentively and took notes. 当老师用英语解释课文时，学生们聚精会神地听并做着笔记。I can learn while I work. 我可以边工作边学习。1. as引导的时间状语从句as引导的时间状语从句其动词的动作是延续性的，而且侧重表示主句和从句的动作交替或同时发生，译为一边，一边或随着。We were having breakfast as
15、she was combing her hair. 她梳头时我们在吃早饭。It will warm up a little bit on Sunday as the cold front passes. 寒流一过，星期日就会有点暖意了。二、before引导的时间状语从句1、before的常见意思1). before在之前。I have finished my dissertation before my supervisor went abroad. 在我的导师出国之前，我已完成了我的学位论文。Ill be back before you have left. 你离开之前我就会回来。2). before之后才。It may be many years before we meet again. 可能要过许多年我们才能再见了。It was three days before he came back. 他三天后才回来。3). before尚未来得及 Beforeshecoul
