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1、Unit 2 I think that mooncakes are delicious!Grammar Focus-4c单元语法一、 that, if, whether引导的宾语从句连接词是否有意义是否做成分是否可以省略从属连词that无意义不作成分，从句完整在不影响句意的情况下，可省略whether，if有意义，“是否”不可省略1. that引导的宾语从句that引导宾语从句时，由于只起连接作用，本身没有意义，所以常常省略，特别是在believe, think, know, say等动词的后面。that引导的宾语从句是由陈述句转化而来的。l I believe (that) everyone
2、 can do it.我认为每个人都能做到。l She thought (that) it was the most important thing for her.她认为这对她来说是最重要的事。l He knew (that) Jack lied to him.他知道Jack对他说谎了。l Mary said (that) there would be a football match this weekend.Mary说这周末将会有一场足球比赛。 2. if、whether引导的宾语从句(1) if、whether引导宾语从句时，意为“是否”，不可省略。if、whether引导的宾语从句大
3、多由一般疑问句或选择疑问句转化而来。l He didnt know if/whether Alice would come to the party.他不知道Alice是否会来派对。l I wonder if/whether you can help me.我想知道你是否能帮我。 (2) 一般情况下，if和whether可互换使用，但在以下情况通常用whether，不用if 当宾语从句位于主句之前l Whether they will join our club, were not sure.我们不确定他们是否会加入我们的俱乐部。 与or连用时l I dont know whether he
4、will call me or not.我不知道他是否会打电话给我。 与动词不定式连用时l She doesnt decide whether to go hiking.她没决定是否去远足。 作介词的宾语时l It depends on whether they can pass the exam.这个取决于他们是否能够通过考试。3. 宾语从句的语序宾语从句的连接词位于从句句首，从句用陈述语序。l Kate asked me if I helped with the housework.Kate问我是否帮忙做过家务。 l The boy told the policeman where he
5、lived.这个男孩告诉警察他住在哪里。l Could you tell me how I can get to the nearest movie theater?你可以告诉我如何到达最近的电影院吗？ 4. 宾语从句的时态 从句的谓语动词与主句的谓语动词要保持时态一致，一般遵循以下原则：(1) 当主句是现在时态时，从句可用任何所需要的的时态，不受主句时态的限制和影响l She thinks that her students are clever.她认为她的学生很聪明。l The old couple doesnt believe that their son was dead.这对老夫妻不
6、相信他们的儿子已经死了。l They guess that the new law will take effect soon.他们猜测新法律很快会生效。(2) 当主句是过去时态时，从句需使用相应的时态 当主从句的动作同时发生l No one knew that he was sad.没人知道他很伤心。 当主句动作先发生，从句动作后发生l He said that he would go camping with his friends.他说他将和朋友们去露营。 当主句动作后发生，从句动作先发生l Bill told me that he had reached Shanghai two da
7、ys ago.Bill告诉我他两天前到达了上海。 当从句表示客观真理或事实l My mother told me that the sun rises from the east.我妈妈告诉我太阳从东边升起。5. 宾语从句中that不能省略的情况(1) 当that引导两个或两个以上宾语从句时，只有第一个that可以省略l She said (that) she would come and that she would also bring her son. 她说她会来并且会把她的儿子带来。(2) 介词后的宾语从句中that不能省略l I know nothing about my new n
8、eighbor except that he used to work in Hong Kong.对于我的新邻居我只知道他曾在香港工作。(3) 当it作形式宾语，后面的that不能省略l We find it important that we should make a decision.我们都认为做出决定很重要。(4) 当宾语从句的主语是this、that或被this、that修饰时，连接词that不可以省略l He says that that is his hat.他说这是他的帽子。二、 感叹句感叹句通常由how和what引导，表示喜怒哀乐等强烈的情感。how用来强调形容词、副词或动词
9、；what用来强调名词。结构例句whatWhat+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数(+主语+谓语)!What a funny she girl (she is)! 多么有趣的一个女孩啊！What+形容词+可数名词复数(+主语+谓语)!What touching stories (they are)! 多么感人的故事啊！What+形容词+不可数名词(+主语+谓语)!What great fun (we have)!我们玩得多开心啊！howHow+形容词/副词(+主语+谓语)!How fantastic (the dragon boat races are)! 龙舟比赛棒极了！How+形容词+a/a
10、n+可数名词单数(+主语+谓语)!How cute a dog it is!多可爱的一只狗啊！How+主语+谓语!How she dances!她跳得多好啊！【注意】表格中打括号的部分皆可省略重点词汇：1. tie n. 领带l I bought a tie for my father as a gift.我买了一条领带给我的爸爸作为礼物。【拓展】tie还可作动词，意为“系，扎，捆”，其现在分词形式为tyingl He tied up the bag and took it outside. 他把袋子扎紧，然后拿到了外面。2. spend a lot of money 花了很多钱【辨析】spe
11、nd, cost, pay, take主语常用结构spend人sb. spend(s) time/money on sth.sb. spend(s) time/money (in) doing sth.cost物sth. cost(s) sb. some moneypay人sb. pay(s) for sth.sb. pay(s) some money for sth. takeitIt takes sb. some time to do sth.l I spent a lot of time (in) writing the letter.我花了很多时间写这封信。l The new dict
12、ionary costs me 80 yuan.这本新字典花了我80元。l I pay 80 yuan for the dictionary.我花了80元买这本字典。l It takes me two hours to finish the task.完成这项任务花费了我2小时。练习：I. 单项选择 1Alice, I wonder _ you won the tug-of-war (拔河比赛) yesterday.Yeah! We pulled together and made it in the end.（2023黑龙江牡丹江统考中考真题）A whatBwhereCWhether2.Sh
13、e said that the earth _ around the sun.（2023黑龙江绥化统考中考真题）AtraveledBtravelsCtravel3. _ exciting boat race it was! Many people watched it.（云南中考）A. What a B. What an C. How D. How a4. -Hello, this is Jack. May I speak to Alex? -Hold on, please. Ill see _ hes in or nor.A. if B.whether C. that D. when5. -
14、_ wonderful the movie is! -I think so. Ive watched it twice.A. How B. What C. How a D. What aII. 句型转换1. （天水中考）I asked her, “Will you have a picnic tomorrow?” （改为含有宾语从句的复合句）I asked her _ she _ have a picnic the next day.2. The match is exciting. （改为感叹句）_ _ the match is!3. Kate told me, “ I win the first prize.” （改为含有宾语从句的复合句）Kate told me _ she _ the first prize.4. The apple is sweet. （改为感叹句）_ _ _ apple it is!III. 汉译英1. 我知道泼水节真的很有趣。2. 我想知道6月是否是游览香港的好时机。3. 他认为4月是泰国最热的一个月。4. 龙舟好漂亮啊！参考答案I. 单项选择CBBBAII. 句型转换1. If/whether;would
