2022年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一）试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Rea d the following text.Choose the best word(s)for ea ch numberedbla nk a nd ma rk A,B,C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)Today we live in a world where GPS systems,digital maps,and other navigationapps are available on our smartphones.1 of us just walk straight into thewoods without a phone.But phones 2 on batteries,and batteries can die fasterthan we realize.3 you get lost without a phone or a compass,and you 4can t find north,we have a few tricks to help you navigate 5 to civilization,one of which is to follow the land.When you find yourself 6 a trail,but not in a completely 7 area,you have to answer two uestions:Which 8 is downhill,in this particular area Andwhere is the nearest water source Humans overwhelmingly 1 ive in valleys,and onsupplies of fresh water._9,if you head downhill,and follow any H20 you find,you should 10 see signs of people.If you ve explored the area before,keep an eye out for familiar sights-youmay be 11 how uickly identifying a distinctive rock or tree can restore yourbearings.Another 12:Climb high and look for signs of human habitation.13,evenin dense forest,you should be able to 14 gaps in the tree line due to roads,train tracks,and other paths people carve 15 the woods.Head toward these16 to find a way out.At night,scan the horizon for 17 light sources,suchas fires and streetlights,then walk toward the glow of light pollution.18,assuming you re lost in an area humans tend to freuent,look forthe 19 we leave on the landscape.Trail blazes,tire tracks,and otherfeatures can 20 you to civilization./_1.A Some2.A put3.A Since4.A forma lly5.A ba ck6.A onto7.A una ttra ctive8.A site9.A So10.A immedia tely11.A surprised12.A problem13.A Above a ll14.A bridge15.A from16.A posts17.A a rtificia l18.A Fina lly19.A memories20.A restrictB MostB ta keC FewD AllCrunD comeB IfCThoughD UntilB rela tivelyCgra dua llyD litera llyB nextCa roundD a wa yB offCa crossD a longB uncrowdedCuncha ngedD unfa milia rB pointCwa yD pla ceB Y etCInstea dD BesidesB intentiona llyCunexpectedlyD eventua llyB a nnoyedCfrightenedD confusedB optionCviewD resultB In contra stCOn a vera geD For exa mpleB a voidCspotD sepa ra teB throughCbeyondD underB linksECsha desD brea ksB mysteriousChiddenD limitedB ConseuentlyCIncidenta llyD Genera llyB ma rksCnotesD belongingsB a doptClea dD exposeSection II Rea ding ComprehensionP a rt A Directions:Rea d the followingchoosing A,B,C orfour texts.Answer the uestions a fter ea ch text byD.Ma rk your a nswers on the ANSWER SHEET.(40 points)Text 1Fina ncia l regula tors in Brita in ha ve imposed a ra ther unusua l rule on the bossesof big ba nks.Sta rting next yea r,a ny gua ra nteed bonus of top executives could bedela yed 10 yea rs if their ba nks a re under investiga tion for wrongdoing.The ma in3purpose of this“cla wba ck rule is to hold ba nkers a ccounta ble for ha rmfulrisk-ta king a nd to restore public trust in fina ncia l institutions.Y et officia ls a lsohope for a much la rger benefit:more long-term decision-ma king,not only by ba nksbut by a ll corpora tions,to build a stronger economy for future genera tions.“Short-termism or the desire for uick profits,ha s worsened in publicly tra dedcompa nies,sa ys the Ba nk of Engla nd s top economist,Andrew Ha lda ne.He uotes agia nt of cla ssica l economics,Alfred Ma rsha ll,in describing this fina ncia limpa tience a s a cting like“children who pick the plums out of their pudding to ea tthem a t once“ra ther tha n putting them a side to be ea ten la st.The a vera ge time for holding a stock in both the United Sta tes a nd Brita in,henotes,ha s dropped from seven yea rs to seven months in recent deca des.Tra nsientinvestors,who dema nd high ua rterly profits from compa nies,ca n hinder a firm,sefforts to invest in long-term resea rch or to build up customer loya lty.This ha sbeen dubbed uua rterly ca pita lism.,rIn a ddition,new digita l technologies ha ve a llowed more ra pid tra ding of euities,uicker use of informa tion,a nd thus shorter a ttention spa ns in fina ncia l ma rkets.There seems to be a predomina nce of short-term thinking a t the expense of long-terminvesting,sa id Commissioner Da niel Ga lla gher of the US Securities a nd Excha ngeCommission in a speech this week.In the US,the Sa rba nes-Oxley Act of 2022 ha s pushed most public compa nies todefer performa nce bonuses for senior executives by a bout a yea r,slightly helpingreduce ushort-termism.In its la test survey of CEO pa y,The Wa ll Street Journa lfinds tha t“a substa ntia l pa rt of executive pa y is now tied to performa nce.Much more could be done to encoura ge long-termism,H such a s cha nges in theta x code a nd uicker disclosure of stock a cuisitions.In Fra nce,sha reholders whohold onto a compa ny investment for a t lea st two yea rs ca n sometimes ea rn more votingrights in a compa ny.Within compa nies,the right compensa tion design ca n provide incentives forexecutives to think beyond their。