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1、宾语从句语法讲解宾语从句歌诀宾语从句三姊妹，that，if/whether，wh-/how展风采。展风采有三关，引导词、语序、时态在把关。主从时态要一致，陈述语序永不变。陈述请你选that，疑问需用if/whether连。特殊问句作宾从，原来问词不用换。三关过后莫得意，人称、标点需注意。留意变脸的if/when，从句的简化记心间。歌诀解码一、三姊妹宾语从句根据引导词的不同可分为三种类型：1. 由that引导的宾语从句。如：We knew （that）we should learn from each other.2. 由if/whether引导的宾语从句。如：Please tell me if
2、/whether you have been to America.3. 由who，where，how等连接代词或连接副词引导的宾语从句。如：Can you tell me how I can get to the nearest post office？二、三关1. 引导词关如果从句是陈述句，引导词用that（that在口语或非正式文体中常省略）；如果从句是一般疑问句，引导词用if/whether；如果从句是特殊疑问句，引导词用由疑问词转换而来的疑问代词/副词。2. 语序关陈述句变为宾语从句，语序不变，即仍用陈述语序。如：He is an honest boy. The teacher sa
3、id. The teacher said（that）he was an honest boy.一般疑问句和特殊疑问句变为宾语从句，语序变为陈述语序。如：Does he work hard？I wonder.I wonder if/whether he works hard.When did he leave？I dont know. I dont know when he left.3. 时态关如果主句是现在的时态，从句的时态可根据实际情况而定。如：I have heard（that）he will come back next week.如果主句是过去的某种时态，那么从句的时态一定要用过去的
4、某种时态。如：He said（that）there were no classes yesterday.注意：如果宾语从句表述的是客观真理、自然现象等时，不管主句是什么时态，从句都要用一般现在时。如：He said that light travels much faster than sound.三、人称的变化和标点的使用1. 从句的主语如果是第一人称，变为宾语从句则与主句的主语一致；如果是第二人称，则与主句的宾语一致；如果是第三人称，不用变化。如：“May I use your knife？”He asked me. He asked me if he might use my knife
5、.“Do you know her telephone number？”He asked me. He asked me if I know her telephone number.2. 宾语从句的标点均由主句决定。主句是陈述句，用句号；主句是疑问句，用问号。如：Who will give us a talk？I dont know. I dont know who will give us a talk.Do you know？Where does he live？Do you know where he lives？四、两副面孔if和when既能引导时间状语从句，又能引导宾语从句。因此，
6、遇到它们就要认真分析一下，它们究竟属于“两副面孔”的哪一副。如：If it rains tomorrow，I wont come.（时间状语从句）I dont know if it will rain tomorrow. （宾语从句）五、从句的简化1. 当主句谓语动词是find，see，watch，hear等感官动词时，从句常简化为“宾语宾补”结构，宾补为不带to的不定式或V-ing形式。如：She found that the wallet lay/was lying on the ground. She found the wallet lie/lying on the ground.2.
7、 当主句谓语动词是hope，wish，decide，forget，plan，agree等，且主句主语与从句主语相同时，从句可简化为不定式结构。如：She agreed that she could help me with my maths. She agreed to help me with my maths.3. 在连接代词/副词引导的宾语从句中，当从句主语与主句主语或间接宾语一致时，宾语从句可简化为“连接代词/副词不定式”结构。如：Can you tell me how I can get to the station？Can you tell me how to get to the
8、 station？宾语从句专项练习一、将下面的句子连接成为含有宾语从句的复合句。1These flowers are from Guangdong. He said.He said _ these flowers _ from Guangdong.2. Light travels faster than sound. My teacher told me.My teacher told me _ light _ faster than sound.3There will be a meeting in five days. Jack didnt know.Jack didnt know _ t
9、here _ _ a meeting in five days.4Can they speak French? I want to know.I want to know _ _ _ _ French.5Are the children playing games? Tell me.Tell me _ the children _ _ games.6Have you finished your homework yet? Mr. Zhao asked Ma Gang.Mr. Zhao asked Ma Gang _ _ _ _ _ homework yet.7How many people c
10、an you see in the picture? Who knows?Who knows _ _ _ _ _ _ in the picture?8Where did she park her car? Do you know?Do you know _ _ _ her car?9What does he often talk about? The girl wondered.The girl wondered _ _ often _ about.10Who knocked at the door so loudly? I dont know.I don t know _ _ at the
11、door so loudly.11. Does he still live in that street? I dont know.I dont know _ he still _ in that street.12. Whats his name? I asked him.I asked him what _ _ _.13. When does the train arrive? Please tell me.Please tell me _ _ _ _.14. Do they want fried chicken? He asked the boys.He asked the boys _
12、 they _ fried chicken.15. Was the watch made in Shanghai? I dont know.I dont know _ the watch _ made in Shanghai.二、选择填空。( ) 1. What did Mike say? He said _.A. if you are free the next week B. what colour was itC. the weather is fine D. summer comes after spring( ) 2. Tom asked my friend _.A. where w
13、as he from B. that the earth is bigger than the moonC. when did he come back D. not to be so angry( ) 3. Let me tell you _.A. how much is the car B. how much does the car costC. how much did I pay for the car D. how much I spent on the car( ) 4. Peter knew _.A. whether he has finished reading the bo
14、okB. why the boy had so many questionsC. there were 12 months in a year D. when they will leave for Paris( )5. Could you tell me _?A. where do you live B. who you are waiting forC. who were you waiting for D. where you live in( )6. I cant understand _the boy alone.A. why she left B. why did she leaveC. why she had left D. why had she left( )7. She told me the sun _ in the east.A. rise B. rose C. rises D. had risen( )8.I dont know _ up so early last Sunday.A. why did he get B.why he gets C.why does he get D. why h
