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1、2022年新高考英语全国卷1阅读理解D篇全解析含译文Human speech contains more than 2,000 different sounds, from the common “m” and “a” to the rare clicks of some southern African languages. But why are certain sounds more common than others? A ground-break five-year study shows that diet-related changes in human bite led to
2、 new speech sounds that are now found in half the worlds languages.More than 30 years ago, the scholar Charles Hockett noted that speech sounds called labiodentals, such as “f” and “v” , were more common in the languages of societies that ate softer foods. Now a team of researchers led by Damin Blas
3、i at the University of Zurich, Switzerland, has found how and why this trend arose.They discovered that the upper and lower front teeth of ancient human adults were aligned (对齐), making it hard to produce labiodentals, which are formed by touching the lower lip to the upper teeth. Later, our jaws ch
4、anged to an overbite structure (结构), making it easier to produce such sounds.The team showed that this change in bite was connected with the development of agriculture in the Neolithic period. Food became easier to chew at this point. The jawbone didnt have to do as much work and so didnt grow to be
5、 so large.Analyses of a language database also confirmed that there was a global change in the sound of world languages after the Neolithic age, with the use of “f” and “v” increasing remarkably during the last few thousand years. These sounds are still not found in the languages of many hunter-gath
6、erer people today.This research overturns the popular view that all human speech sounds were present when human beings evolved around 300,000 years ago. “The set of speech sounds we use has not necessarily remained stable since the appearance of human beings, but rather the huge variety of speech so
7、unds that we find today is the product of a complex interplay of things like biological change and cultural evolution, ” said Steven Moran, a member of the research team.32. Which aspect of the human speech sound does Damin Blasis research focus on?A. Its variety. B. Its distribution. C. Its quantit
8、y. D. Its development.33. Why was it difficult for ancient human adults to produce labiodentals?A. They had fewer upper teeth than lower teeth. B. They could not open and close their lips easily. C. Their jaws were not conveniently structured. D. Their lower front teeth were not large enough. 34. Wh
9、at is paragraph 5 mainly about?A. Supporting evidence for the research results. B. Potential application of the research findings. C. A further explanation of the research methods. D. A reasonable doubt about the research process.35. What does Steven Moran say about the set of human speech sounds?A.
10、 It is key to effective communication. B. It contributes much to cultural diversity.C. It is a complex and dynamic system. D. It drives the evolution of human答案：DCAC解题技巧和解题思路：阅读文章两遍进行选择解决疑难提供两种做题方式： 可根据自己的做题习惯进行。快速浏览题目要求带问题进行第一遍阅读抓中心留心问题出处重新浏览题目要求进行第二遍阅读选择答案解决疑难进行第一遍阅读抓中心-快速浏览题目要求带问题进行第二遍阅读-选择答案解决疑难
11、技巧点拨：1.一般设问顺序与文章段落顺序相一致；2.根据题干精准定位问题出处；3.全国卷D篇阅读理解多为说明文，说明文的特点：第一段多用来引入话题或点明主题，每一段的首句多为段落的主题句（有时也需具体分析）；4.关注but或however之后是内容，这才是作者想要说明的内容；5.关注文章中名人的所作所为和所说的话，此处是比较容易设题的。今天这里介绍第一种解题方式：一.快速浏览题目要求，标画出题目中的疑问词，关键词，人名，地名，时间等。比如32.Which aspectof thehuman speech sounddoesDamin Blasis researchfocus on?技巧点拨：通
12、过题目的设问方式可以判断出此题为事实细节类，关注题目中的人名Damin Blasi可以帮助考生在第一遍阅读时初步定位问题在文章中的段落，第二遍阅读时精准定位问题的出处。比如33Whywas itdifficultforancient human adults to produce labiodentals?技巧点拨：通过题目的设问方式可以判断出此题也为事实细节类，关注关键词ancient human adults和produce labiodentals，尤其是labiodentals这个词很长，很显眼，对定位文章中的信息有很大帮助。比如34. What isparagraph 5mainly
13、 about?技巧点拨：通过题目的设问方式可以判断出此题为主旨类题目，那么在第一遍阅读时就要特别关注第五段的首句。比如35.WhatdoesSteven Moran sayaboutthe set of human speech sounds?技巧点拨：通过题目的设问方式可以判断出此题应该为事实细节类或推理判断类题目，根据设题顺序和其中的人名Steven Moran，在第一遍阅读的时候就可以精准定位问题信息的出处。二.第一遍阅读特别关注以下内容：1.关注文章主旨：根据第一段可知: A ground-break five-year study shows that diet-related ch
14、anges in human bite led to new speech sounds that are now found in half the worlds languages.2.关注以下每段的首句第二段较特别，本段一共两句，第一句是讲30多年前 Charles Hockett指出唇齿音与吃的较软食物有关，第二句讲到现在的研究团队发现了这种语音现象产生的原因和如何产生的，承上启下。第三段也是两句：第一句讲他们发现了古人不能发唇齿音的原因，第二句讲后来我们的下颌发生了变化，于是发这个音就容易了，承上启下。第四段主题句为首句：The team showed that this chang
15、e in bite was connected with the development of agriculture in the Neolithic period.第五段主题句为首句：Analyses of a language database also confirmed that there was a global change in the sound of world languages after the Neolithic age.第六段主题句为首句：This research overturns the popular view that all human speech
16、 sounds were present when human beings evolved around 300,000 years ago.三.再次快速浏览题目中标画出的关键词，疑问词，人名等，进行第二次阅读，精准定位问题出处。32题：根据一般设问顺序与文章段落相一致这一点，关键词human speech sound和人名Damin Blasi可以定位关键信息在第二段。根据.the scholar Charles Hockett noted that speech sounds called labiodentals,以及Damin Blasi has found how and why this trend arose. 可以判断Damin Blasi 的研究与人类语音的发展变化有关。故 D 项
