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1、2023年1月考研英语真题及答案（一）Section I Use of EnglishDnecclious:Read the following text.Choose the bcsl word(s) for each numbered blank.and markA, B, CorDon ANSWER SHEET 1.(10 points)In 1924 American National Research Council sent to engineer to supervise a series of experiments at a telephone-parts factory c
2、alled the Hawhtore Plant near Chicago It hoped they would learn how stop-floor Egnting 1 workors productivity Instead the studies ended 2 giving their name to theHawhthome effectthe extremely inflentlcel Idea the veey 3 to bemg expenmented upon changed subjectsbehaviorThe idea arose because of the 4
3、 behavior of the women in the plato.Accordmg to 5 of the cxpetmems.their.houriy output rose when hghtmg was increased.but also when it was dimmed. It did not 6 what was done in the expenmenl. 7 sometmg was changed.produchnty rose A(n) 8 that they were bemg experimented upon seemed to be 9 tO alterwo
4、rkers bchamor _10uselfAfter several decades, the salile data were 11 to econometric the analysis Hawthorne experiments has another surprise store j2 the desenpuons on record, no systematic 13 was foundthat levels of produchxnty wererelated to changes in lightingIt turns out that peculiar way of cond
5、ucting the c-enments may be have let to 14 interpretation of whal happed. 15 , tighring was always changed on a Sunday When work started again on Monday, output 16 rose compared with the previous Saturday and 17 to rise for the next couple of days 18 , a comparison with data for weeks whenthere was
6、no expenmentation showed that output always went up On Monday, workers 19 to be duigent fbr the first few days of the week in any case, before 21 a plateau and then slackeningoff This suggests that the alleged Hawthorne effeefis hard to ptn downl.A affected2Aat3AWuth4.Aconvoversial|Bachieved 田叩 |Bsi
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8、t|BfbrConDby11 AJcompared|Bshown(CJsubjectedDJconveyed12.Acontrary to|Bconsistent withCparallel withDpealliar to13.AevidenceBguidanceC implicationDsource14,Adisputable|BenlighteningCretiableDwasleadmg15.AIn contastBFor exampleCIn consequenceDAs usual16,Aduly|BaccidentallyCunpredictablyDsuddenly17.Af
9、ailedBceasedC startedDcontinued2O.lAbreakingIBJchmbing(CJsurpassmgDJhitingSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections：Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing(A. BJ. CorD.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(40 points)Text 2Over the past decade.thousands of
10、 patents have seen granled for what are called business methods.Amazon com received one for itsone-clickonline payment system Merrill Lynch got legal protection for an asset allocation strategy.One invenlor patented a tochnique for lying a boxNow the nations top patent court appears completely ready
11、 to scale hack on business-method patents, which have been controversial e.ver since they were firstauthorized 10 years ago In a movethat has intellectual-property lawyers abuzz the U.S court of Appeals for the federal circuit said it would usea particular case to conduct a broad review of business-
12、method patents. Inre Bijskl, as the case is known, isa very big deal, says DermisD Crouch of the University of MissounSchool of law.Il ,*has the potential to elinate an entire class of palmts, Curbs on business-method claims would be a dramatic about-face because it was the federal circuit itself th
13、at introduced such patents with is 1998 decision in the so-called state Street Bank case, approving a patent on a way of pooling mutual-fund assets. That ruling produced an explosion in business-method patent filings, initially by emerging internet companies trying to stake out exclusive pinhts to s
14、pecific types of online transactions. Later, move established companies raced to add such patents to their files, if only as a defensive move against rivals that might bent them to the punch. In 2023, IBM noted in a court filing that it had been issued more than 300 business-method patents despite t
15、ha fact that it questioned the legal basis for granting them. Similarly, some Wall Street investment films armed themselves with patents for financial products, even as they took positions in court cases opposing the practiceoThe Bilski case involves a claimed patent on a method for hedging risk in the energy market. The Federal circuit issued an unusual order stating that the case would be heard by all 12 of th
