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1、小学英语宾语从句知识点汇总 宾语从句: 在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句。 宾语从句分为三类: 动词的宾语从句,介词的宾语从句和形容词的宾语从句。 宾语从句常用的连接词有: whether that if what which when how why 例:I dont know when he will come. 宾语从句的特点: 1、宾语从句可以作及物动词、介词及形容词的宾语; 2、宾语从句的语序一律用陈述句语序。疑问词或者引导词+主语+谓语+其他成分; 例如:I dont know what they are looking for. Could you tell me when
2、the train will leave? 3、连接词that引导宾语从句在句中无词义,不充当句子成份,多数情况下可以省略; 4、whether 和 if 都可引导宾语从句,但 whether后可紧跟or not;whether从句可作介词的宾语; 5、如果从句太长,可以用形式宾语it; 6、时态的一致性。主句和从句的时态要一致。 主句是一般现在时,从句根据实际情况使用任何时态。 例句:The headmaster hopes everything goes well. 主句是过去时态,从句须用过去时态的某种形式。 例句:She was sorry that she hadnt finishe
3、d her work on time. 当宾语从句表示的是一个客观真理或者事实时,即使主句是过去时,从句也用一般现在时态。 例句:The teacher told his class that light travels faster than sound. 宾语从句中引导词的用法: 在复合句中作主句的宾语,引导词有: 连词:that (that 常可省略),whether, if 代词:who, whose, what ,which 副词:when ,where, how, why 等。 (一)that引导的宾语从句(在非正式场合that可以省略) 可跟that从句做宾语的动词有: say,
4、 think, insist, wish, hope, demand, imagine, wonder, know, suppose, see, believe, agree, admit, deny, expect, explain, order, command, feel, dream, suggest, hear, mean, notice, prefer, request, require, propose, declare, report等。 例句:The boy believes that he will travel through space to other planets
5、. 注意事项: 当主句谓语动词是 think, believe, suppose, expect 等词,而宾语从句的意思是否定时,常把否定转移至主句表示。 例句:I dont think it is right for him to treat you like that. 在以下情况中that不能省略: 当句中的动词后接多于两个由that引导的宾语从句时,第一个that可省,但后面的that不可省。 例句:He said (that) you were too young to understand the matter and that he was asked not to tell y
6、ou. 当主句的谓语动词与that宾语从句之间有插入语时,that一般不可省。 例句:Just then I noticed, for the first time, that our master was wearing his fine green coat and his black silk cap. 当that从句是双宾语中的直接宾语时,that不可省。 例句:I cant tell him that his mother died. 注意事项:许多带复合宾语的句子,that引导的宾语从句经常移到句子后部,而用it作形式宾语。 例句:I find it necessary that
7、we should do the homework on time. (二)由whether,if 引导的宾语从句 由whether(if)引导的宾语从句,实际上是一般疑问句演变而来的。意思是“是否”。宾语从句要用陈述句语序。 一般说来,在宾语从句中whether与if可以互换使用,但在特殊情况下if与whether是不能互换的。 例句:I wonder whether(if) they will come to our party. 只能用whether,不能用if引导的宾语从句 在带to的不定式前 例句:We decided whether to walk there. 在介词的后面 例句
8、:Im thinking of whether we should go to see the film. 在动词后面的宾语从句时 例句:We discussed whether we had a sports meeting next week 直接与or not连用时 例句:I cant say whether or not thet can come on time. 只能用if不能用whether引导的宾语从句 if引导条件状语从句,意为“如果” 例句:The students will go on a picnic if it is sunny. if引导否定概念的宾语从句时 例句:
9、He asked if I didnt come to school yesterday. 引导状语从句even if(即使)和as if(好象)时 例句:He talks as if he has known all about it. (三)连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句 这样的宾语从句实际上是由特殊疑问句变化而来的,宾语从句要用陈述句语序。 用于这种结构的动词常常是:see, say, tell, ask, answer, know, decide, show, find out, imagine, suggest, doubt, wonder, discover, understand, inform, advise等。 英语中的连接代词有:who,whom,whose,which,what,在句中担任主语、宾语、定语或者表语。 例句:Can you tell me whom you are waiting for? 英语中的连接副词有:when,where,why,how,在句中担任状语的成分。 例句:None of us knows where these new parts can be bought.