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1、InternetNew words and phrases 1 sponsor vt.发起,主办,倡仪2 fund vt.资助,为提供基(资)金3 segment vt.分割，分裂4 fragment vt.分段，分裂5 reassemble vt.重编,调整6 collectively adv.共同地,集体地,总起来说7 retransmit vt.转播,转发8 subdivision n.细（再）分;细分分成的部分9 taxpayer n 纳税人10 specification n.详述,规格,说明书,规范11 royalty n.专利权使用费,(技术)使用费 12 tokenring 令
2、牌环,标志环13 Macintoshn.(Mac)麦金托什机(Apple公司于1984年推出的一种系列微机)14 mainframe n.主机，大型机Internet15 actuality n.事实；现实（性）；现状16 ping n.声脉冲信号17 Ethernet n.以太网18 nonprofit adj.非营利的nonprofit association非营利机构19 geographical adj.地理学的,地理的20 turn n.时间的转换点at the turn of the century世纪之交21 millennium n.一千年22 subscriber n.用户2
3、3 dialup 拨号(上网)24 migrate vi.移动,移往,移植25 workstation n.工作站26 bill vt.给开账单27 employee n.职工,雇员28 bidirectional adj.双向的;双向作用的bidirectional bus双向总线Internet29 navigate vt.航行30 render vt.致使；造成31 obsolete adj.陈旧的,废弃的,过时的32 advent n.到来，出现，来临33 browser n.浏览器34 client n.客户35 tag n.标记,接头36 layout n.布局,线路图37 ret
4、rieval n.检索38 cache n.超高速缓冲存储器39 interpreter n.解释程序；解释器 40 anchor v.固定,粘连（接）上41 Web n.环球网42 cursor n.指针Internet43 radical adj.基本的,根本的,主要的44 periodical adj.周期的;定时的45 subscribe vt.订购(阅),预订46 controversial adj.有争议的,可疑的47 analogous adj.类似的,相似的48 colon n.冒号49 slash n.斜线号50 virtually adv.实际上；事实上51 proprie
5、tary adj.专有的,所有的,52 symbolic adj.象征的；用符号的53 registry n.登记,注册54 hierarchical adj.分层的55 descendent adj.派生的56 subdomain n.子域Internet1 Department of Defense (美)国防部2 DARPA(the Defense Advanced ResearchProjects Agency)(美)国防部高级研究计划局3 ARPANETARPA 计算机网，阿帕网4 ISO（International Standards Organization）国际标准化组织5 r
6、eference model 参考模型6 refer to sb.(sth)as 称某人(物)为7 status information 状态信息8 other than 不同于,除了9 in addition to 除外,又10 be attributed to 归因于11 FDDI（Fiber Distributed Data Interface）光纤分布式数据接口12 UDP（User Datagram Protocol）用户数据报协议13 FTP（File Transfer Protocol）文件传送协议14 HTTP（Hypertext Transfer Protocol）超文本传送
7、协议Internet15 ICMP（Internet Control Message Protocol）网际控制报文协议16 WWW（World Wide Web）环球网，万维网（简称3W）17 SNMP（Simple Network Management Protocol）简单网络管理协议18 plain text 纯文本19 search engine 搜索引擎20 cumulative basis 累积纳税基数21 home page 主页22 ISP（Internet Service Provider）因特网服务提供者23 leased line 专线，租用线24 HTML(Hyper
8、text Markup Language)超文本标记语言25 URL（Universal Resource Locator)统一资源定位符26 DNS（Domain Name System）域名系统27 DSL（Digital Subscriber Line）数字用户线28 PSTN（Public Switched Telephone Network）公共交换电话网InternetEvolution of the Internet During the 1960s,the United States Department of Defense sponsored research that r
9、esulted in the development of a communications network to interconnect research laboratories and data centers.Funded by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency(DARPA),this network was known as ARPANET.It represented one of the first layered communications networks,preceding the development of
10、the sevenlayer International Standards Organization(ISO)reference model by approximately a decade.The work involved in establishing ARPANET resulted in the development of two specific protocols for the transmission of information:the Transmission Control Protocol(TCP)and the Internet Protocol(IP),co
11、mmonly referred to collectively as TCP/IP.TCP represents a transportlayer protocol that provides endtoend reliable transmission.To do so,TCP includes such functions as flow control,error control,and the Internetexchange of status information.Application Services Various application services have bee
12、n developed for transport by the TCP/IP protocol suite.The more well known applications include the following:File Transfer Protocol(FTP),used to transfer single and multiple files between computers.Telnet,an interactive remote terminal access protocol that enables a terminalto be connected to a rem
13、ote host as if it were directly connected to the computer.Simple Mail Transport Protocol(SMTP),which provides a standard method for exchanging electronic mail.Hypertext Transfer Protocol(HTTP),which enables the transportation of World Wide Web(WWW)pages from Web servers to browsers operating on clie
14、nt computers.InternetInternet Access Providers Through the late 1980s when the Internet was primarily used to communicate among colleges,universities,and government agencies,most Internet access provider represented nonprofit associations of schools located within a geographical area.Thus,a leasedli
15、ne connection facilitates bidirectional access to and from the Internet.Fig.15.2 illustrates the two most common methods of Internet access.Exercises.Please translate the following words and phrases into Chinese.1.ISO2.FDDI 3.Internet access provider 4.UDP 5.HTTP 6.anonymous FTP 7.HTML 8.Web index s
16、ervice 9.push technology 10.URL11.SNMP12.ICMP 国际标准化组织国际标准化组织(International Standards Organization)光纤分布式数据接口光纤分布式数据接口(Fiber Distributed Data Interface)互联网接入商互联网接入商用户数据报协议用户数据报协议(User Datagram Protocol)超文本传送协议超文本传送协议(Hypertext Transfer Protocol)匿名文件传送协议（匿名文件传送协议（anonymous File Transfer Protocol)超文本标记语言超文本标记语言(Hypertext Markup Language)Web索引服务索引服务推送技术推送技术统一资源定位符统一资源定位符(Universal Resource Locator)简单网络管理协议简单网络管理协议(Simple Network Management Protocol)网际控制报文协议网际控制报文协议(Internet Control Message Protocol)E
