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1、2022-2023年浙江省台州市大学英语6级大学英语六级知识点汇总（含答案）学校:_ 班级:_ 姓名:_ 考号:_一、2.Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)(20题)1.The Cultural Patterning of SpaceLike time, space is perceived differently in different cultures. Spatial consciousness in many Western cultures is based on a perception of objects in spac
2、e, rather than of space itself. Westerners perceive shapes and dimensions, in which space is a realm of light, color, sight, and touch. Benjamin L. Whorf, and his classic work Language, Thought and Reality, offers the following explanation as one reason why Westerners perceive space in this manner.
3、Western thought and language mainly developed from the Roman, Latin-speaking culture, which was a practical, experience-based system. Western culture has generally followed Roman thought patterns in viewing objective reality as the foundation for subjective or inner experience. It was only when the
4、intellectually crude Roman culture became influenced by the abstract thinking of Greek culture that the Latin language developed a significant vocabulary of abstract, nonspatial terms. But the early Roman-Latin element of spatial consciousness, of concreteness, has been maintained in Western thought
5、 and language patterns, even though the Greek capacity for abstract thinking and expression was also inherited.However, some cultural-linguistic systems developed in the opposite direction, that is, from an abstract and subjective vocabulary to a more concrete one. For example, Whorl tells us that i
6、n the Hopi language the word heart, a concrete term, can be shown to be a late formation from the abstract terms think or remember. Similarly, although it seems to Westerners, and especially to Americans, that objective, tangible reality must precede any subjective or inner experience, in fact many
7、Asian and other non-European cultures view inner experience as the basis for ones perceptions of physical reality. Thus although Americans are taught to perceive and react to the arrangement of objects in space and to think of space as being wasted unless it is filled with objects, the Japanese are
8、trained to give meaning to space itself and to value empty space. For example, in many of their arts such as painting, garden design, and floral arrangements, the chief quality of composition is that essence of beauty the Japanese call shibumi. A painting that shows everything instead of leaving som
9、ething unsaid is without shibumi. The Japanese artist will often represent the entire sky with one brush stroke or a distant mountain with one simple contour linethis is shibumi. To the Western eye, however, the large areas of empty space in such paintings make them look incomplete.It is not only th
10、e East and the West that are different in their patterning of space. We can also see cross-cultural varieties of spatial perception when we look at arrangements of urban space in different Western cultures. For instance, in the United States, cities are usually laid out along a grid, with the axes g
11、enerally north/south and east/west. Streets and buildings are numbered sequentially. This arrangement, of course, makes perfect sense to Americans. When Americans walk in a city like Paris, which is laid out with the main streets radiating from centers, they often get lost. Furthermore, streets in P
12、aris are named, not numbered, and the names often change after a few blocks. It is amazing to Americans how anyone gets around, yet Parisians seem to do well. Edward Hall, in The Silent Language, suggests that the layout of space characteristic of French cities is only one aspect of the theme of cen
13、tralization that characterizes French culture. Thus Paris is the center of France, French government and educational systems are highly centralized, and in French offices the most important person has his or her desk in the middle of the office.Another aspect of the cultural patterning of space conc
14、erns the functions of spaces. In middle-class America, specific spaces are designated for specific activities. Any intrusion of one actA.Y B.N C.NG2.The Science that Imitates Natures MechanismsA European industrialist not long ago became very suspicious about American purposes and intentions in cert
15、ain areas of scientific research. He learned by chance that the United States was signing contracts with scientists in England, France, Italy, Germany, Belgium, Sweden, Uruguay, Chile, Argentina, Australia, and other countries, calling for research into such matters as the function of the frogs eye
16、and the learning ability of the octopus.It seemed to the industrialist that such studies could not possibly have any practical value. He seriously believed that the United States was employing the foreign scientists to do meaningless work and occupy their time, while American scientists were busy in the really important areas of science. He was unaware of the fact that the United States was spending much more money at home
