Unit 2 Period Three　Discovering Useful Structures(2)—The ­ing form(2) as the object complement and the adverbial

Period Three　Discovering Useful Structures(2)—The ­ing form(2) as the object complement and the adverbial 感知以下课文原句，完成方框下的小题 1....and if they entrust me with that life，how could I refuse that trust，saying I’m cold，hungry，or tired? 2.“Why should girls learn so much? Finding a good husband should be their final goal！” her brother complained，thinking of the high tuition fees. 3.Thinking of all the people still in need of help，Dr Lin opened a private clinic. 4.At times，she was even seen riding a donkey to faraway villages to provide medical care. 5.The new People’s Republic of China saw Dr Lin Qiaozhi playing a key role. (1)加黑部分在句子中作状语的是句1、2、3，现在分词作状语时，其逻辑主语是句子的主语。 (2)加黑部分在句子中作宾语补足语的是句4、5。 一、动词­ing形式作状语 动词的­ing形式作状语可以表示时间、原因、条件、结果、让步、方式或伴随情况等。 1.时间状语 动词的­ing形式作时间状语，相当于一个时间状语从句，所表示的动作与主句的动作一般是同时发生，有时可由连词when，while，after引出。 Hearing the result(＝When I heard the result)，I couldn’t help jumping. 听到这个结果，我不禁跳了起来。 2.原因状语 可以与as/since/because等引导的原因状语从句转换。 Being so excited(＝As he was so excited)，he couldn’t go to sleep that night. 由于非常激动，那晚他没睡着。 3.条件状语 可以与if/unless等引导的条件状语从句转换。 (1)Working hard at your lessons(＝If you work hard at your lessons)，you will succeed. 如果你努力学习，就一定能成功。 (2)Not making good use of the time(＝If you don’t make good use of the time)，you’ll regret. 如果不好好利用时间，你会后悔的。 4.方式或伴随状语 不可以转换成从句，但可以转换成并列句。 (1)The girls came into the classroom，singing and dancing(＝and they sang and danced). 女孩子们唱着跳着进了教室。 (2)He lay on the grass，staring at the sky for a long time(＝and stared at the sky for a long time). 他躺在草地上，长时间地望着天空。 5.结果状语 表示必然的结果，它常常位于句末，可扩展为一个含有并列谓语的简单句，有时也可以转换成非限制性定语从句。 His father died，leaving him a lot of money(＝and left him a lot of money/which left him a lot of money). 他父亲去世了，留给他许多钱。 6.让步状语 可以与although/though引导的让步状语从句转换。 Knowing all this(＝Although they knew all this)，they made me pay for the damage. 尽管知道了一切情况，他们还是要我赔偿损失。 注意： 1.动词的­ing形式作状语时，如果所表示的动作先于主句的动作发生，则用“having＋动词的过去分词”形式，仍然表示主动关系；若动词与句子主语为被动关系，则用“having＋been＋动词的过去分词”形式。 (1)Having made full preparations(＝After we have made full preparations)，we are ready for the examination. 做了充分的准备之后，我们准备参加考试。 (2)Having been well tended for half a year, the patient became far better. 被精心照料半年后，这位病人的情况好多了。 2.动词的­ed形式也可以作状语，表示时间、原因、条件等，与主句的主语构成动宾关系。 (1)Generally speaking，if taken according to the directions，the drug has no side effect. 一般来说，如果按照说明书服用，这种药没有副作用。 (2)The professor came into the lab，followed by some assistants. 教授进了实验室，后面跟着几个助手。 3.表目的时往往用不定式形式。 To make more friends，you need to be very kind and considerate. 为了交到更多的朋友，你要非常友善和善解人意。 二、动词­ing形式作宾语补足语 1.动词­ing形式作宾语补足语常放在宾语后面，表示一个正在进行的主动性的动作，强调一个正在进行的动作或一种状态。 (1)When we returned to the school，we found a stranger standing at the entrance. 当我们回到学校时，发现一个陌生人站在大门口。 (2)I found a bag lying on the ground. 我发现地板上放着一个包。 (3)The boss kept the workers working the whole night.那老板让工人们整夜地工作。 2.能用­ing形式作宾语补足语的几类动词： a.感官动词，常见的有see，hear，feel，smell，find，notice，observe等。 (1)I felt somebody patting me on the shoulder. 我感觉到有人在拍我的肩膀。 (2)As he spoke，he observed everybody looking at him curiously. 当他说话的时候，他观察到大家都在好奇地看着他。 b.使役动词，常见的有have，keep，get，leave等。 (1)I’m sorry to have kept you waiting for so long. 对不起，让你等了这么久。 (2)I can’t get the clock going again. 我无法让这个钟再次转起来。 3.see，hear，feel，watch等动词之后用­ing形式和省略to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的区别： 前者表示动作正在进行，而后者表示(或强调)动作从开始到结束的全过程。 (1)We passed by the classroom and saw the teacher making the experiment. 我们走过教室，看见老师在做实验。(只在走过教室的刹那间，看见老师正在做实验) (2)We sat an hour and watched the teacher make the experiment. 我们坐了一个小时，看着老师做实验。(一个小时之内一直在看老师做实验，指全过程) 注意：如果作宾补的动词与宾语为被动关系时，则用过去分词形式。 (1)We should keep him informed of what is going on here. 我们必须让他了解这里发生的事。 (2)He is a humorous man and he always keeps us amused with his jokes. 他是个幽默的人，他总是用他的笑话逗我们开心。 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1.The hospital has recently obtained new medical equipment，allowing(allow) more patients to be treated. 2.People probably cooked their food in large pots，using(use) twigs(树枝) to remove it. 3.After looking(look) at the toy for some time，he turned around and found his parents were missing. 4.Feeling(feel) hungry，we built a fire by the lake and barbecued the fish. 5.Having been taught(teach) many times，the girl still looked puzzled. 6.After a knock at the door，the child heard his mother’s voice calling(call) him. 7.He was caught stealing(steal) and sent to the police station. 8.I found Mary whispering(whisper) to a boy just now. Ⅱ.句型转换 9.The storm left and had caused a lot of damage to this area. →The storm left，causing a lot of damage to this area. 10.Do be more careful when you cross the street. →Do be more careful when crossing the street. 11.Because he did not know how to do it，he went to her for help. →Not knowing how to do it，he went to her for help. 12.As soon as she had made the beds，she started making breakfast. →Having made the beds，she started making breakfast. 13.I looked up and noticed that a snake was winding its way up the tree to catch its breakfast. →I