2020秋新教材高中英语Unit4NaturaldisastersSectiomⅡ课件新人教版必修第一册教案课件习题-高中英语必修一

UNIT 4NATURAL DISASTERSSection Discovering Useful Structures单元语法精析单元语法精析夯基提能作业夯基提能作业单元语法精析单元语法精析语法点拨一、定语从句的概述在复合句中对名词、代词、名词性短语、句子进行修饰、限定的从句叫定语从句。被定语从句修饰的成分叫先行词。引导定语从句的关系词有两种：关系代词和关系副词。常见的关系代词包括that,which,who(宾格为whom，所有格为whose)等，关系副词包括where,when,why等。关系代词和关系副词有三个作用：引导从句；指代先行词；在定语从句中作成分。关系代词引导的定语从句The people whom you met on the campus yesterday are from England.你昨天在大学校园里见到的那些人来自英国。He is reading a book which is written by Lu Xun.他正在读一本鲁迅写的书。二、关系代词的用法1关系代词有who,whom,whose,which,that等。它们的具体使用情况如下表所示：关系词先行词在从句中充当的成分备注关系代词who人主语、宾语whom,which和that在从句中作宾语时，常可以省略，但介词提前时后面的关系代词不能省略，也不可以用that和whowhom人宾语which物主语、宾语that人或物主语、宾语、表语whose人或物定语whosen.then.of which/whomof which/whomthen.(先行词指人时用whom，指物时用which)2在定语从句中，使用关系代词时我们应该考虑两点：一是先行词是“人”还是“物”；二是关系代词在定语从句中充当什么成分。He is a man who/that means what he says.他是一个说话算话的人。(先行词指人，关系代词who/that引导定语从句，并在从句中作主语)Is there anyone in your class whose father is a teacher?你们班有谁的父亲是老师？(先行词指人，关系代词whose引导定语从句，并在定语从句中作定语)To be frank,I dont like the movie(which/that)you recommended to me yesterday.坦率地讲，我不喜欢你昨天推荐给我的那部影片。(先行词指物，关系代词which/that引导定语从句，并在从句中作宾语，可省略)关系代词在从句中作主语时，根据先行词的单复数确定从句谓语动词的单复数。He is the only one of the students who knows French in our class.他是我们班里唯一懂法语的学生。(the only one为先行词)He is one of the students who know French in our class.他是我们班里懂法语的学生之一。(students为先行词)whose还是which关系代词在定语从句中作定语时，无论指人还是指物，都要用whose，而不能用which。Thats the new machine whose parts are too small to be seen.那是一台零件小到看不见的新机器。Have you seen the film Titanic,whose leading actor is worldfamous?你看过泰坦尼克号这部电影吗？它的男主角是世界著名的。关系词，引定从，它们的用法各不同。that可作主宾表，指人指物它都行。which专来指物用，主语、宾语它也能。who和whom来指人，whom仅作宾语用。whose一词作定语，指人指物都管用。用定语从句合并句子I live next door to a couple.Their children often make a lot of noise._The man is from Peking University.I talked about the man at the meeting._I live next door to a couple whose children often make a lot of noise.The man(who/whom/that)I talked about at the meeting is from Peking University.The boy is sitting on the chair.The boy is my brother._The city is near the sea.The city is very beautiful._The boy who/that is sitting on the chair is my brother.The city which/that is near the sea is very beautiful.三、关系代词that与which的用法辨析1关系代词用that而不用which的情况(1)当先行词是all,much,anything,nothing,everything，little,none等不定代词时或先行词被all，much，any，no，every，some，little等不定代词修饰时She told me everything that she knew.她把她所知道的一切都告诉了我。(2)先行词既有人又有物时I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.我能清楚地记得我在那个房间所见到的人和一些照片。(3)先行词为序数词或被序数词修饰时The first place that they visited in Guilin was Elephant Trunk Hill.在桂林他们参观的第一个地方是象鼻山。(4)先行词为形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时This is the best film that I have ever seen.这是我看过的最好的电影。(5)先行词为the last,the only,the very,the same等或被这些词修饰时Mr.Smith is the only foreigner that he knows.史密斯先生是他唯一认识的外国人。This is the very room that I slept in that evening.这正是我那天晚上睡觉的房间。the same.as与the same.that的区别一般情况下，the same.as指的是与先行词同类的事物/人，而the same.that与先行词指的是同一个事物/人。This is the same pen as I bought yesterday.这和我昨天买的那支钢笔一样。(同一类，表相似)This is the same pen that I borrowed from Mr Li.这就是我从李老师那里借的钢笔。(同一物，表同一)(6)主句是以who或which开头的特殊疑问句时Which is the true story that he told us?他给我们讲的哪一个故事是真实的？2关系代词用which而不用that的情况(1)先行词为that时Whats that which is under the desk?桌子底下的那个东西是什么？Its a football.那是一个足球。(2)关系代词前有介词时This is the room in which he lives.这是他住的房间。(3)引导非限制性定语从句时Tom came back,which made us happy.汤姆回来了，这使我们很高兴。强调句与定语从句的区别It was the student that/who asked the silly question.就是这个学生问了这么一个愚蠢的问题。(强调句)He was the student who asked the silly question.他就是那个问了愚蠢问题的学生。(定语从句)选词填空(that/which)Finally,the thief handed everything _ he had stolen to the police.Have you any books _ are worth reading?This is the best film _ I have ever seen.Im going to talk about the countries and people _ I have visited.Bamboo is hollow,_ makes it very light.thatthatthatthatwhich专项练习单句语法填空1The old town has narrow streets and small houses _ are built close to each other.2 She has a gift for creating an atmosphere for her students _ allows them to communicate freely with each other.3The prize will go to the writer _ story shows the most imagination.4Ive become good friends with several of the students in my school _ I met in the English speech contest last year.that/whichwhich/thatwhosewho/whom/that5Do you have anything to say for yourselves?Yes,theres one point _ we must insist on.6I refuse to accept the blame for something _ was someone elses fault.7Jack is the most intelligent man _ Ive ever met.8As a child,Jack studied in a village school,_ is named after his grandfather.9Barbara is easy to recognize as shes the only one of the women who _(wear)evening dress.10I have the same magazine _ you bought just now.that/whichthatthat/who/whomwhichwearsas完成句子1This is the magazine _.这就是我最喜欢的那本杂志。2The girl _ is one of my classmates.正在唱歌的女孩是我的一个同学。3Were talking about the piano and the pianist _ _.我们正在讨论昨晚见到的钢琴和钢琴家。(that/which)I like bestwho/that is singing(that)we saw last night 4Everything _ has been done.应当做的事情已经做了。5This afternoon well go to see the photo show _ _.今天下午我们要去看你们参观过的照片展