超前地质预报系统TRT介绍

TRT6000超前地质预报系统超前地质预报系统铁科院铁建所铁科院铁建所 TRT6000超前地质预报系统超前地质预报系统 是一种全新的地质超前预报设备 采用的是美国国家安全局研发的最新地震波反射追踪技术 一种全新的地质超前预报设备。二十世纪六十年代，在美国先进技术发展计划基金支持下，美国国家安全局网罗了众多资深地球物理学家应用地震波勘测技术来研究地层应力消除现象及地层结构扫描成像，简称TRT技术。2006年，为推广这一先进技术，美国C-Thru公司从国家安全局继承了相关资产，与中国铁道科学研究院联合推出了TRT6000超前地质预报系统。1、工作原理地震波反射 在于当地震波遇到声学阻抗差异（密度和波速的乘积）界面时，一部分信号被反射回来，一部分信号透射进入前方介质。声学阻抗的变化通常发生在地质岩层界面或岩体内不连续界面。Reflection of visual light Blocade of light(shadow)(similar to seismic reflector tracing)(similar to seismic tomography)Imaging features in any universeSeismic waves in the groundP-waves(dilatational particle motion)View along trajectorySide viewS-waves(lateral motion)SHSVS-wave surface relatives:Raileigh waves&Love wavesorSeismic impact sources:Blast Significant inelastic deformation Lower,no-control frequency spectrum 3D radiation-mostly P-waves Faster signal decay Trigger repeatability problem Required drilling Dealing w.explosivesETimeCrushed rockFractured rockElastic strain;P-wave radiationChargeInelastic energy lossSeismic energy outputTriggerSeismic impact sources:Hammer strike Limited inelastic deformation;depends on rock strength No-control frequency spectrum Directional P-and S-waves Moderate wave decay More consistent trigger No drilling and explosives Problems in tight spacesETimeInelastic energy lossSeismic energy outputTriggerCrushed rockFractured rockElastic strainP-wavesS-wavesS-wavesSwept frequeny source Near 0 inelastic deformation-energy loss at any ground Very high trigger repeatability Controlled source spectrum Directional P-and S-waves Operational in tight spots Applicable at the rock surface and in drilled holes Requires additional signal processing to generate impact-like recordsAFrequencyTimeFsFeTriggerTriggerTtTimeElastic strainP-wavesSourceS-wavesS-wavesSpectrumSourceReflectionImpact-like record 反射的地震信号被高灵敏地震信号传感器接收，反射体的尺寸越大，声学阻抗差别越大，回波就越明显，越容易探测到。通过分析，被用来了解隧道工作面前方地质体的性质（软弱带、破碎带、断层、含水等），位置、形状、大小。Total travel time for reflected waves(Tt=Ti+Tr)defines ellipsoid in three-dimensional space for each source-receiver pairTravel time Tr fromReflector to receiverTravel time Ti fromsource to reflector反射阶段传播时间反射阶段传播时间“Tr”Tr”入射入射传传播播时间时间“Ti”Ti”反射波总反射波总反射波总反射波总传传播播播播时间时间:每对震源和传感器的反射波总每对震源和传感器的反射波总传传播播时间时间在三维空间定义了一个椭球在三维空间定义了一个椭球Reflector反射物反射物传传感器感器震震源源SourceReceiverTiTrTrue reflector location requires a number of ellipsoids for different source-receiver pairsSourceReflectorReceiverReceiver反射物反射物传感器传感器传传感器感器震震源源实际上反射物位置的确定需要很多震源震源-传传感器定感器定义义的的椭球Tunnel 2、主要部分组成 主机主机 基站基站 无线模块无线模块 传感器传感器 触发器触发器-无线数据采集的硬件系统无线数据采集的硬件系统-TRT6000超前地质预报系统TRT6000超前地质预报系统仪器运输箱仪器运输箱，总重28kg,可由一人长距离搬运，尺寸：55cm*43Cm*22Cm，47cm*36cm*22cm.TRT6000超前地质预报系统-无线数据采集的硬件系统-无线模块主要部件运输箱主机基站布置方式和数据采集布置方式和数据采集A2A5A10A3A8A2A7A6A11A4A9A3A4A5A6A7A8A9A10A112.TRT6000的特点 操作简单操作简单 成本低，实现成本低，实现“零零”成本测试成本测试 设备可靠度高和适应性强设备可靠度高和适应性强 采集信息量大，形象的绘制三维采集信息量大，形象的绘制三维立体图，对于多种不良地质体反应立体图，对于多种不良地质体反应敏感。敏感。可提供优质的售后服务。可提供优质的售后服务。操作简单操作简单现场布置“简单”测试过程“简单”弥补失误“简单”现场布置“简单”用6毫米的钻头打3.5厘米深的孔。在固定块上抹上膨胀性快干水泥，把固定块固定在隧道边墙和洞顶表面。传感器通过螺丝安装在固定块上，从而实现传感器和岩体的紧密耦合。Coupling accelerometers to softer ground surface Coupling accelerometers to softer ground surface(e.g.salt).Approach 2(e.g.salt).Approach 2ToolsSectionMounted accelerometerTunnel plan viewStandard pattern of source and receiver locations for TRT seismic surveys in tunnels A25m10 to20m5m5 m2mSource pointsAccelerometersA5A10A3A8A2A7A6A11A4A9A3A4A5A6A7A8A9A10A11Tunnel cross-sectionA5A10A3A8A2A7A6A11A4A9TBM tunnelD&B tunnel震源点传感器隧道横断面图隧道平面图TBM隧道应用TRT地震仪勘测时震源和传感器标准的位置传感器传感器TriggerCh.1Ch-s 13-24SeismographSeismographpower supplyPower generatoror commercial ACpower110V ACPowerCh-s(1)2-12Signal linesDC powerAC powerPower stripSeismographAmplifierArray of accelerometersHammerBlock-schematic for wiredwired TRT surveys using hammer as source.用铁锤作为震源TRT系统的单元结构图2.Enable the Hammer Trigger 开启铁锤触发器开启铁锤触发器TRT6000 WirelessWireless Seismic System is Easy to Use1.Turn on the Remote Modules 无线模块上电无线模块上电3.Strike the Hammer 锤击锤击 Block-schematic for wirelesswireless TRT surveys using hammer as source.Trigger signalArray of accelerometers connected to remote wireless modulesHammerBase stationLaptop for wireless TRT data acquisition and processingNo commercial power;No expensive seismograph;No cable lines;Less total weight and volume;Better resolution of seismic signalsADVANTAGESWirelessWireless seismic data acquisition User Interface 测试过程“简单”震源只需要用8磅的锤锤击表面的岩体或固结的混凝土。准备时间短,对施工扰动小采集时间仅需10分钟。Using hammer as impact source 用锤击作为振源弥补失误“简单”由人控制锤击产生地震波、对周围岩体没有产生挤压、破坏现象，对于接收不好的测试信号，可简单重复测试，操作简单。And the data is collected采集到的地震波数据Comparison of seismic data from wiredwired(red),and wirelesswireless(blue)TRT survey in real tunnel.0 TIME,ms 65Source S2 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A7 A8 A9Source S5 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A7 A8 A90 TIME,ms 65Comparison of seismic record for the same gain recorded by wiredwired seismograph(top)and wirelesswireless system(bottom)相同增益下地震波记录比较：有线（上）和无线（下）TRT6000系统实现实现“零零”成本测试成本测试 TRT6000超前预报使用锤击作为的震源，可重复利用，不需要耗材 设备可靠度高和适应性强设备可靠度高和适应性强 这种方法非常适合于煤矿、TBM掘进工程等施工场地狭小、严禁明火的现场。例如：含瓦斯地层、煤矿、倾斜度大的斜井、软弱的