【课件】长难句分析课件+-2023届高三英语二轮复习

长难句分析第一节：句子的基本结构一）一）主语主语+谓语谓语1.Allofuslaughed.2.Thetelephonerang.3.Weallbreathe,drinkandeat.二）二）主语主语+谓语谓语+宾语宾语1.Imissedmygrandma.2.HeiswatchingTV.3.Youcansingthesong.三）三）主语主语+系动词系动词+表语表语1.Iamateacher.2.Theplansoundsperfect.3.Thismaterialfeelssoft.一、简单句的基本句型四四）主语主语+谓语谓语+间接宾语间接宾语+直接宾语直接宾语1.Shemadeherselfanewdress.2.Mymotherboughtmeadictionary.3.Pleaseshowmeyourticket.4.TheoldmanalwaystellsthechildrenstoriesabouttheheroesintheLongMarch.简单句的基本句型五五）主语主语+谓语谓语+宾语补足语宾语补足语1.Wehaveprovedhimwrong.2.Whatmakeyouthinkso?3.Hefoundthechildfastasleep.4.Youshouldkeeptheroomcleanandtidy.5.Helikestowatchtheboysplayingbasketball.6.Wehearhersingnextdoor.简单句的基本句型由并列连词连接的多个简单句构成的句子由并列连词连接的多个简单句构成的句子并列连词：and,but,or,so1.Ilikedancing,andmybrotherlikessinging.2.BillcanspeakEnglish,buthecantspeakChinese.3.Hurryup,oryouwillbelate.4.Hegotuplate,sohemissedthebus.5.Itrainedheavilybutwegothomeafterall.6.Igotupandrushedout.二、并列句由引导词连接多个单句构成的句子。由引导词连接多个单句构成的句子。连词：连词：if,whether,what,which,how,when,where,because,since,that,although,though,as,once,.1.Whatreallymattersisyourattitude.2.Iknowthattheskyisblue.3.ThisistheplacethatIvisitedyesterday.4.Ifitrains,Illstayathome.5.Thenewsthatthestarwillvisitourvillageisspreadingquickly.6.ThegirlsweresurprisedatthefactthatoceanshipscansailuptheGreatlakes.三、（主从）复合句四、句子分析的突破策略结构分析法。通过语法分析，迅速弄清句子的结构，把握住句子的基本框架。基本步骤：1.判断该句是简单句、并列句、复合句、并列复合句？关键：找连词，找谓语，确定几套主谓结构，判断句子类型2.找出句子的核心成分，再分清句子的附属成分。关键：根据谓语，确定主语、宾语等主干结构，判断基本句型根据位置和含义，确定附属成分：定语、状语、同位语、插入语Lookingdown,Iimmediatelyrecognizedsomethingunusual,andrandowntotheedgeofthenearbank.MaShwehadcrossedtheriverandgotupthebankandwasmakingherwaybackasfastaspossible,roaring（吼叫）allthetime.,thesignatureisasymbolofconsent,anagreementtotakethematterseriously.MybrotherandIgotoschoolathalfpastseveninthemorningandcomebackhomeatfiveintheafternoon.第二节多个并列成分应对策略：1.多个并列成分：关键是找到连词，判定并列成分，并当成一个词组或意群来对待。2.附属成分：抓住主干成分（谓语主语），抽丝剥茧理清附属成分。复杂简单句长难句类型长难句类型多个附属成分（定语、状语、同位语）方法：较复杂单句的处理方法找句子的主干成分较复杂的单句在高考试卷中经常出现，所以应引起同学们的足够重视。Todayallthreegenerationsregardthemoveasasuccess,givingthemacloserrelationshipthantheywouldhavehadinseparatecities.(2016全国卷B篇)此句的主语为allthreegenerations，谓语为regard,宾语为themove,asasuccess为宾语补足语。Today为时间状语，givingthemacloserrelationshipthantheywouldhavehadinseparatecities为现在分词短语在句中作结果状语，且该分词短语中含有一个由than引导的比较状语从句。句意：今天所有的三代人都认为这次搬迁非常成功，让他们拥有了比在不同的城市居住更加密切的关系。Inall,fromthetimethestemcellsareharvestedfromadonor(捐献者)tothetimetheycanbeimplantedinthepatient,wevegot72hoursatmost.(2016全国卷C篇)此句的主语为we,谓语为havegot，宾语为72hours。句中的Inall和atmost均为状语，fromthetimethestemcellsareharvestedfromadonortothetimetheycanbeimplantedinthepatient为时间状语。句意：从干细胞从捐赠人那里采集出来到移植到病人体内，我们总共至多有72个小时的时间。难点突破1.介词短语【定义】从介词开始到名词结束、表达一个独立的完整的含义的结构。【起止标识】标记介词短语时，要从介词开始到介词之后的第一个名词终止。如：athome、intheschool、inthebeautifulpark、duringmyhappychildhood、overthelastfewyears、forthreeweeks【例句】AfterchattingwithLauraonthismatterfortwohoursfrom2:00to4:00intheafternoon,Ireturnedtomyoffice.难点突破2.非谓语动词短语【定义】非谓语动词是指动词在句子中不是谓语时的几种变化形式，主要包括动词不定式、动名词和分词(现在分词和过去分词)三类。非谓语动词不能独立作谓语，而是充当句子的其他成分。由非谓语动词开头的、表示一个独立、完整的含义的结构叫做非谓语动词短语。【起止标识】标记非谓语动词短语时，一定是从动词不定式(todo)、动名词(doing)或分词(现在分词doing或过去分词done)开头，到以下四种情况终止。到_终止，如：LiHuiisateacherteachingEnglish.到_终止，如：ToimprovemyEnglish,IoftenlistentotheEnglishradio.到_终止，如：We,singingahappysong,rodetoschool.到_终止，如：IwillinviteYaoMingwhowasatopbasketballplayertoBeijing.(toBeijing是介词短语，属于另一个修饰成分，故从句的标记在此处终止)例1：SchoolsacrossChinaareexpectedtohire50,000collegegraduatesthisyearasshort-termteachers,almostthreetimesthenumberhiredlastyear,tohelpreduceunemploymentpressures.主干：例2:Havingchosenfamilytelevisionprogramsandwomensmagazines,thetoothpastemarketer，forinstance,mustselecttheexacttelevisionprogramsandstationsaswellasthespecificwomensmagazinestobeused.主干：1.Aspeciallowentrancechargeof2perpersonisavailabletoallinfull-timeeducation,uptoandincludingthoseatfirstdegreelevel,inorganizedgroupswithteachers.主干：2.Theymovedinwithalocalfamily,theHarrisons,and,likethem,hadlittleprivacy,rarebaths,andablanketofsnowontheirquiltwhentheywokeupinthemorning.主干：3.Asamainpromoteroftheinternationalteaday,thebirthplaceofteaandthelargesttea-producingcountry,Chinahasaresponsibilitytoworkwithothercountriestopromotethehealthydevelopmentoftheteaindustry.主干：当堂训练两个或两个以上的简单句，由表示并列关系的连词或标点符号连接而成。并列连词：for,and,nor,but,or,yet,so,notonly.but also.,neither.nor.,either.or.,while例：1.Itcomesaftermorethanhalfofsoftdrinkssoldinshopshavehadtheirsugarlevelscutbymanufacturerssotheycanavoidpayingthetax.2.EverybodyisdomintedbytheimagesproducedintheWest”and,therefore,hischallengeistocreatealocalarchitecturallanguage,oneofthemanythatAfricanarchitecturecancoin(创造),withoutfallingintothestereotypeoftheimpoverishedvillageorviolentslums(贫民窟)atpollutedoutskirts.并列句第二节：长难句类型第二节：长难句类型方法：并列句的处理方法找并列连词Herpopular1962bookSilent Springraisedawarenessofthedangersofpollutionandtheharmfuleffectsofchemicalsonhumansandontheworldslakesandoceans.(2016全国卷A篇)此句中的第一个and连接并列的名词短语thedangersofpollution和theharmfuleffectsofchemicals，都作awareness后介词of的宾语，第二个and前后的humans和theworldslakesandoceans都是介词on的宾语。句意：她1962年