湖南省师范大学附属中学2021-2022学年高二下学期期中考试英语试题

2021-2022-2师大附中高二下期中考试 英 语 时量：120分钟 满分：150分 第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分）略 第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分） 第一节 （共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A Women scientists around the world have made significant contributions to Stem (science, technology, engineering, and maths). Here are four who pushed boundaries and changed the world. Wu Chienshiung (1912—1997) Born in Taicang, Jiangsu province, Wu took part in the Manhattan Project which helped create the world’s first nuclear weapon. Her famous Wu experiment overturned the theory of parity in physics. This breakthrough led to a Nobel Prize that was awarded to her male colleagues, but Wu’s critical role in the work was overlooked. Hedy Lamarr (1914—2000) Austria-born Lamarr starred in a lot of Hollywood films and made great success. She was also super smart and a self-taught inventor. During the second world war, Lamarr together with George Antheil, a composer, developed a radio guidance system. The principle of their work is part of the basis of Bluetooth and wireless technology. Katherine Johns (1918—2020) African American NASA mathematician Johnson’s calculations were critical in getting the first US astronauts to space and back safely. During her 33-year career at NASA, Katherine earned a reputation for mastering complex calculations and was referred to as a “human computer”. Tu Youyou (1930—) Born in Ningbo, Zhejiang province, Tu shared the 2015 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with two other foreign scientists, for her work in discovering artemisinin, a drug used to treat malaria. Her work has saved millions of lives all over the world. Tu is the first Chinese Nobel winner in physiology or medicine and the first female citizen of the PRC to win a Nobel Prize. 1. Besides being an inventor, Hedy Lamarr is also a(n) ________. A. composer B. producer C. actress D. mathematician 2. What is Tu Youyou’s greatest contribution to the world? A. She treated people for cancer. B. She is the first Chinese Nobel winner. C. Her discovery helped save millions. D. Her research project is one of a kind. 3. What do the four female scientists have in common according to the text? A. They shared the same interest. B. They each constructed a theory. C. They were all awarded the Nobel Prize. D. They all made a difference to the world. 【答案】1. C 2. C 3. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了4名改变世界的女性科学家。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据Hedy Lamarr (1914—2000)中的“Austria-born Lamarr starred in a lot of Hollywood films and made great success. She was also super smart and a self-taught inventor.(奥地利出生的拉玛出演了许多好莱坞电影，并取得了巨大的成功。她还非常聪明，是一个自学成才的发明家)”可知，除了是一个发明家，海蒂·拉玛也是一个女演员。故选C。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据Tu Youyou (1930—)中的“Her work has saved millions of lives all over the world. (她的工作拯救了全世界数百万人的生命)”可知，屠呦呦对世界最大的贡献是她的发现帮助拯救了数百万人。故选C。 【3题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“Here are four who pushed boundaries and changed the world. (下面是四位打破界限、改变世界的人)”可知，这四位女科学家共同之处是她们都对世界产生了影响。故选D。 B It was near New Year 2014, and David Fajgenbaum, who was battling Castleman disease, was rushed to a CT scan in an Arkansas hospital. Tears streamed down his face. He thought about the first patient who’d died under his care and how her brain had bled in a similar way from a stroke(中风). But he survived. Also, this experience led David to complete “the undertaking” surprising his doctors. “You learn a lot by almost dying,” they said. It was in 2010 that David got very sick and was hospitalized for five months. He was learning to become a doctor at the University of Pennsylvania in memory of his mother who died of cancer. The examination showed it was idiopathic multi-centric Castleman disease (MCD). First described in 1954, Castleman presents partly like an autoimmune(自身免疫的) condition and partly like cancer. It doesn’t happen very often — there’re only around 7,000 new cases each year in the United States, so a very limited number of experts are on it. In his hospital bed, David felt weak. His organs were failing, and he noticed curious red spots on his skin. He asked doctors what the “blood moles” meant. But they, focused on saving his life, weren’t interested in them. Castleman disease struck David four more times over the next three years. Despite it all, he managed to graduate and later founded the Castleman Disease Collaborative Network (CDCN) devoted to fighting Castleman disease. In late 2013, Castleman struck again, landing David in that Arkansas hospital. It marked his closest brush with death yet. After this time, David set out to try to save his own life. Examining his medical charts, he zeroed in on an idea that researchers hadn’t explored. With considerable effort, he found a drug called Sirolimus might be beneficial to his discase. After consulting with his doctors, he picked up the drug. So far, it’s working. David is in recovery and devoting his medical career to saving other patients like him. “I hope my story offers lessons far beyond medicine about what people can do when they’re up aga