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十年(2010~2020)高考英语真题分项详解28
语言运用·语法填空类
1.(2020年7月,浙江卷)
阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
Some time after 10,000 BC,people made the first real attempt to control the world they lived 1. ,through agriculture. Over thousands of years,they began to depend less on 2. could be hunted or gathered from the wild,and more on animals they had raised and crops they had sown.
Farming produced more food per person 3. hunting and gathering,so people were able to raise more children. And,as more children were born,more food 4.(need). Agriculture gave people their first experience of the power of technology 5.(change)lives.
By about 6000 BC,people 6. (discover)the best crops to grow and animals to raise. Later,they learned to work with the 7. (season),planting at the right time and,in dry areas, 8. (make)use of annual floods to irrigate(灌溉)their fields.
This style of farming lasted for quite a long time. Then,with 9. rise of science,changes began. New methods 10. (mean)that fewer people worked in farming. In the last century or so,these changes have accelerated. New power machinery and artificial fertilizers(化肥)have now totally transformed a way of life that started in the Stone Age.
【答案】
1.in
2.what
3.than
4.was needed
5.to change
6.had discovered
7.seasons
8.making
9.the
10.meant.
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了农业的发展历史。
1.考查介词。句意:公元前10000年以后,人们第一次真正尝试通过农业来控制他们所居住的世界。分析可知,“they lived _____”应是之前名词the world 的定语从句,定语从句引导词被省略,可推知先行词应是在从句中作宾语,即:they lived in the world. live in+名词,意为“居住在某地”。故填in。
2.考查名词性从句。句意:在几千年的时间里,他们开始减少对我们从野外采集的猎物的依赖,而更多地依赖他们饲养的动物和播种的庄稼。分析句子,宾语从句部分缺主语,所以引导词应为“连接代词”。根据句意,此处缺“什么”之意。故填what。
3.考查固定搭配。句意:农业比狩猎和采集的人均粮食产量更高。结合句意可知,此句中将农业生产与狩猎和采集相比,应用比较连词than。more… than,意为“比……更”故填than。
4.考查时态语态。句意:随着越多的小孩出生,越多的食物被需要。分析句子,逻辑主语和need之间表示被动逻辑。同时此处描述的是过去的时间,所以时态应用过去时。故此处应用过去时的被动语态。food为不可数名词。故填was needed。
5.考查非谓语动词。句意:农业让人们第一次体验到技术改变生活的力量。分析句子,简单句中已有动词gave故提示词部分需用非谓语动词。分析句意,此处需用不定式表示目的。故填to change。
6.考查时态。句意:大约在公元前6000年,人们已经发现了最适宜种植的庄稼和最适宜饲养的牲畜。分析句子,简单句中除了提示词外无其余动词,故此处需用动词的时态。逻辑主语和提示词之间表示主动逻辑。by + 过去时间 译为“到…为止”,后面的句子用过去完成时。故填had discovered.
7.考查名词复数。句意:后来,他们学会了因地制宜,在适当的时间播种,在干旱地区,利用每年的洪水来灌溉农田。分析句子,提示词的词性为为可数名词,应用复数形式。故填seasons。
8.考查非谓语动词。句意:后来,他们学会了因地制宜,在适当的时间播种,在干旱地区,利用每年的洪水来灌溉农田。分析句子,make所处的分句中无主语,故此处需用非谓语动词。make use of和逻辑主语they之间表示“主动”关系。所以此处用现在分词形式(doing)形式做状语。故填making。
9.考查定冠词。句意:随着科学的崛起,事情发生了变化。with the rise of 译为“随着......的崛起”是固定短语。故填the。
10.考查时态。句意:新方法意味着更少的人从事农业。分析句子,主句部分无其他动词,故此处需填时态。文章的整体时态是过去时,根据时态一致原则此处也应为过去时。逻辑主语和动词之间表示主动关系。所以此处填过去时的主动形式。故填meant。
2.(2020年,新高考全国Ⅰ卷)
阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Many people have the hobby of collecting things, e.g. stamps, postcards or antiques. In the 18th and 19th centuries, 11. (wealth) people travelled and collected plants, historical objects and works of art. They kept their collection at home until it got too big 12. until they died, and then it was given to a museum. The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example, 13. (form) the core collection of the British Museum 14. opened in 1759.
The parts of a museum open to the public 15. (call) galleries or rooms. Often, only a small part of a museum’s collection 16. (be) on display. Most of it is stored away or used for research.
Many museums are lively places and they attract a lot of visitors. As well as looking at exhibits, visitors can play with computer simulations (模拟) and imagine 17. (they) living at a different time in history or 18.(walk)through a rainforest. At the Jorvik Centre in York, the city’s Viking settlement is recreated, and people experience the sights, sounds and smells of the old town. Historical 19. (accurate) is important but so is entertainment. Museums must compete 20.people’s spare time and money with other amusements. Most museums also welcome school groups and arrange special activities for children.
【答案】
11.wealthy
12.or
13.formed
14.which/that
15.are called
16.is
17.themselves
18.walking
19.accuracy
20.for
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了博物馆藏品的来源及博物馆给人们带来的好处和面临的挑战。
11.考查形容词。句意:在18和19世纪,富人旅行并收集植物、历史物品和艺术品。此处修饰名词people,应使用形容词,做定语。故填wealthy。
12.考查连词。句意:他们把自己的藏品留在家里,直到收藏变得太大或者自己去世,然后这些藏品被捐给一家博物馆。根据语境可知,前后陈述的是两者可能性,应使用连词or:或者。故填or。
13.考查动词时态。句意:例如,汉斯•斯隆爵士的8万件藏品构成了1759年开馆的大英博物馆的核心藏品。此处是谓语动词,根据时间状语in1759可知,应使用一般过去时。故填formed。
14.考查定语从句。句意:例如,汉斯•斯隆爵士的8万件藏品构成了1759年开馆的大英博物馆的核心藏品。此处是限定性定语从句,先行词是the British Museum,关系词在从句中做主语,应使用关系代词which/that引导。故填which/that。
15.考查动词时态及语态。句意:博物馆对公众开放的部分被称为画廊或展厅。此处描述的是客观使用,应使用一般现在时;主语与call是逻辑动宾关系,应使用被动语态,且主语是复数概念。故填are called。
16.考查主谓一致。句意:通常,博物馆只展出一小部分藏品。此处描述的是客观事实,应使用一般现在时,主语a small part of a museum’s collection是单数概念,谓语动词应使用第三人称单数形式,且后面的Most of it is stored away or used for research.中的is也是提示。故填is。
17.考查反身代词。句意:除了观赏展品,游客还可以玩电脑模拟游戏,想象自己生活在一个不同的历史时期,或者漫步在热带雨林中。此处指代visitors,意为“他们自己”,应使用反身代词。故填themselves。
18.考查非谓语动词。句意:除了观赏展品,游客还可以玩电脑模拟游戏,想象自己生活在一个不同的历史时期,或者漫步在热带雨林中。此处与living是并列成分,共同做imagine的宾补,imagine sb doing sth. “想象某人做某事”。故填walking。
19.考查名词。句意:历史的准确性很重要,但娱乐也很重要。此处做主语,位于形容词historical之后,应使用名词,意为“历史的准确性”。故填accuracy。
20.考查介词。句意:博物
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