英语历届真题及答案解析

2009年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or Don ANSWER SHEET 1.(10 points)Research on animal intelligence always makes me wonder just how smart humans are.1 _ thefruit-fly experiments described in Carl Zimmers piece in the Science Times on Tuesday.Fruitflies who were taught to be smarter than the average fruit fly 2_ to live shorter lives.Thissuggests that 3_ bulbs bum longer,that there is an 4 in not being too terrifically bright.Intelligence,it 5_ out,is a high-priced option.It takes more upkeep,burns more fuel and isslow 6_ the starting line because it depends on learning a gradual 7_ instead ofinstinct.Plenty of other species are able to leain,and one of the things theyve apparently learnedis when to 8_.Is there an adaptive value to 9_ intelligence?Thats the question behind this new research.Ilike it.Instead of casting a wistful glance 10 at all the species weve left in the dust LQ.-wise,it implicitly asks what the real H of our own intelligence might be.This is 12 the mind ofevery animal Ive ever met.Research on animal intelligence also makes me wonder what experiments animals would 3on humans if they had the chance.Every cat with an owner,14 is running a small-scale studyin operant conditioning,we believe that 15 animals ran the labs,they would test us to J6 thelimits of our patience,our faithfulness,our memory for terrain.They would try to decide whatintelligence in humans is really _ E Z _,not merely how much of it there is.18,they wouldhope to study a 19 question:Are humans actually aware of the world they live in?20 theresults are inconclusive.1.A Suppose2.A tended3.A thinner4.A tendency5.AJ insists on6.A off7.A incredible8.A fight9.A invisible10.A upwardB ConsiderB feared|B|stablerB advantageB sums upB behindB spontaneousB doubt|B|limitedB forwardC ObserveC happenedC lighterC inclinationC turns outC overClinevitableC stopC indefiniteC afterwardD ImagineDI threatenedD dimmerD priorityD puts forwardD alongD gradualD thinkD differentD backward11.A features|B|influencesC resultsD costs12.A outsideBJonC byID across13.A deliverB carryC performID apply14.A by chanceB in contrastC as usualD for instance15.A ifB unlessC asDI lest16.A moderateB overcomeC determineD reach17.A at|B forC afterD with18.A Above allB After allC HoweverD Otherwise19.A fundamentalBJ comprehensiveC equivalent|D hostile20.A By accidentB In timeC So farD Better stillSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B,C or D.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(40 points)TextlHabits are a funny thing.We reach for them mindlessly,setting our brains on auto-pilot andrelaxing into the unconscious comfort of familiar routine.Not choice,but habit rules theunreflecting herd,“William Wordsworth said in the 19th century.In the ever-changing 21stcentury,even the word“habit“carries a negative connotation.So it seems antithetical to talk about habits in the same context as creativity and innovation.But brain researchers have discovered that when we consciously develop new habits,we createparallel synaptic paths,and even entirely new brain cells,that can jump our trains of thought ontonew,innovative tracks.But dont bother trying to kill off old habits;once those ruts of procedure are worn into thehippocampus,theyre there to stay.Instead,the new habits we deliberately ingrain into ourselvescreate parallel pathways that can bypass those old roads.“The first thing needed for innovation is a fascination with wonder,“says Dawna Markova,author of The Open Mind“and an executive change consultant for Professional ThinkingPartners.44But we are taught instead to decide/just as our president calls himself the Decider/,She adds,however,that“to decide is to kill off all possibilities but one.A good innovationalthinker is always exploring the many other possibilities.All of us work through problems in ways of which were unaware,she says.Researchers inthe late 1960 covered that humans are born with the capacity to approach challenges in fourprimary ways:analytically,procedurally,relationally(or collaboratively)and innovatively.Atpuberty,however,the brain shuts down half of that capacity,preserving only those modes ofthought that have seemed most valuable during the first decade or so of life.The current emphasis on standardized testing highlights analysis and procedure,meaning thatfew of us inherently use our innovative and collaborative modes of thought.This breaks themajor rule in the American belief system 一author of the 2006 book This Year I Will.-that anyone can do anything,explains M.J.Ryan,and Ms.Markovas business partner.Thats a liethat we have perpetuated,and it fosters commonness.Knowing what youre good at and doingeven more of it creates excellence.This is where developing new habits comes in.21.The view of Wordsworth habit is claimed by beingA.casual B.familiar C.mechani