英语专业八级阅读200 篇

ContentsPart 1 Reading Comprehension1UNIT11UNIT210UNIT320UNIT429UNIT539UNIT649UNIT759UNIT869UNIT981UNIT 1092UNIT 11104UNIT 12112UNIT 13120UNIT 14129UNIT 15138UNIT 16148UNIT 17158UNIT 18168UNIT 19178UNIT 201851Part 2 Skimming&Scanning193UNIT1193UNIT2202UNIT3211UNIT4222UNIT5232UNIT6242UNIT7254UNIT8262UNIT9273UNIT 10284UNIT 11297UNIT 12308UNIT 13317UNIT 14329UNIT 15337UNIT 16347UNIT 17355UNIT 18366UNIT 19376UNIT 20385Part 3 Keys3931.Keys to Reading Comprehension3932.Keys to Skimming&Scanning3962Part 1 Reading ComprehensionUNIT 1Passage 1A history of longand effortlesssuccess canbe a dreadfulhandicap,but,if properly handled,it may become a driving force.When the United States entered just such a glowing period after theend of the Second World War,it had a market eight times larger thanany competitor,giving its industries unparalleled economies of scale.Its scientists were the world s best,its workers the most skilled.America and Americans were prosperous beyond the dreams of theEuropeans and Asians whose economies the war had destroyed.It was inevitable that this primacy should have narrowed as othercountriesgrewricher.Justasinevitably,theretreatfrompredominance proved painful.By the mid-1980s Americans had foundthemselves at a loss over their fading industrial competitiveness.Some huge American industries,such as Consumer Electronics,hadshrunk or vanished in the face of foreign competition.By 1987 therewas only one American television maker left,Zenith.(Now there isnone:Zenith was bought by South Korea s LG Electronics in July.)Foreign-made cars and textileswere sweeping into the domesticmarket.America s machine-tool industry was on the ropes.For awhile it looked as though the making of semiconductors,whichAmerica had sat at the heart of the new computer age,was going to1be the next casualty.All of this caused a crisis of confidence.Americans stoppedtaking prosperity for granted.They began to believe that their way ofdoing business was failing,and that their incomes would thereforeshortly begin to fall as well.The mid-1980s brought one inquiry afteranother intothe causes ofAmericas industrial decline.Theirsometimes sensational findings were filled with warnings about thegrowing competition from overseas.How things have changed!In 1995 the United States can lookback on five years of solid growth while Japan has been struggling.Few Americans attribute this solely to such obvious causes as adevalued dollar or the turning of the business cycle.Self-doubt hasyielded to blind pride.“American industry has changed its structure,has gone on a diet,has learnt to be more quick-witted,”according toRichard Cavanagh,executive dean of Harvard s Kennedy School ofGovernment.“It makes me proud to be an American just to see howour businesses are improving their productivity,”says Stephen Mooreof the Cato Institute,a think-tank in Washington,D.C.And WilliamSahlman of the Harvard Business School believes that people will lookback on this period as“a golden age of business management in theUnited States.”1.The U.S.achieved its predominance after World War becauseA.it had made painstaking efforts towards this goal.B.its domestic market was eight times larger than before.C.the war had destroyed the economies of most potentialcompetitors.D.the unparalleled size of its workforce had given an impetus toits economy.2.The loss of U.S.predominance in the world economy in the 1980s2is manifested in the fact that the AmericanA.TV industry had withdrawn to its domestic market.B.semiconductor industry had been taken over by foreignenterprises.C.machine-tool industry had collapsed after suicidal actions.D.auto industry had lost part of its domestic market.Passage 2Every minute of every day,what ecologist James Carlton calls aglobal“conveyorbelt”,redistributesoceanorganisms.It splanetwide biological disruption that scientists have barely begun tounderstand.Dr.CarltonanoceanographeratWilliamsCollegeinWilliamstown,Mass.explains that,at any given moment,“Thereare several thousand marine species traveling.in the ballast waterof ships.”These creatures move from coastal waters where they fitinto the local web of life to places where some of them could tear thatweb apart.This is the larger dimension of the infamous invasion offish-destroying,pipe-clogging zebra mussels.Such voracious invaders at least make their presence known.What concerns Carlton and his fellow marine ecologists is the lack ofknowledge about the hundreds of alien invaders that quietly entercoastal waters around the world every day.Many of them probablyjust die out.Some benignlyor even beneficiallyjoin the localscene.But some will make trouble.In one sense,this is an old story.Organisms have ridden shipsfor centuries.They have clung to hulls and come along with cargo.What s new is the scale and speed of the migrations made possible bythe massive volume of ship-ballast watertaken in to provide shipstabilitycontinuously moving around the world.3Ships load up with ballast water and its i