新概念三L42-L60

L42 Modern cavemenNew words and expressionsolitude n.独处She longed for peace and solitude.他渴望安宁和独享清净。sol 孤单sole ad j唯一的，仅有的 solely adv进，只，单独地solitary adj 独居的solo adj独唱的，独奏的soloist n独奏者，独唱者lure除了 lure sb to do sth之外 还有一常见结构lure s b加介词短语He lures Tom into a lane and robs him.The kidnappers lure the child away from the parents作名词Few people can resist the lure of fame.很少人能够抵御出名的诱惑。foretellvt.预言 to tell of beforehand/predict:forecastBoomvt.,vi.隆隆响vi.迅速增长，趋于繁荣，景气n.隆隆响；繁荣，景气同义：thrive,flourish,prosper,develop,expand例句：Bussiness is booming.生意日趋繁荣。短语：baby boomT ext重点as it has come to be known 正如已逐渐为人们所了解的那样从属连词引导方式状语从句，作插入语7.巩固并挖深强调句一、基本结构剖析该句型的结构形式是：It+is/w as+被强调成分+that/who+该句的其余部分。如果被强调的成分是人时，可以使用who来代替that,当然任何时候都可以用that来引导该句型的其余部分。强调句是由没，普通陈述句转换而来的。通过这种结构可以强调除谓语动词以外的大多数句子成分。如：It was monitor that we elected Li Ping in our class.（强调宾语补足语）It was last night that the terrible traffic accident happened.（强调时间状语）It was very willingly that he agreed to help me with my poorEnglish.（强调方式状语）It was because she was ill that she was absent from the meeting.（强调原因状语）二、特殊句式的中的强调句1.在强调一般疑问句中的某一成分时，主句应用一般疑问句语序。如：Was it last week that he returned the book to the library?2.如果强调的是特殊疑问句中的疑问词，表示 到底、“究竟”等语气时，就用如下结构：“特殊疑问词+is/was+it+that+该句的其余部分“如：How is it that you usually go to work?What is it that the child wants to eat?When was it that you last saw him playing in the garden?Where was it that she lost her valuable watch?Why is it that you want to change your job?Who is it that will be in charge of your class?3.在表语或宾语中也可看到这类强调句，其语序是“连 接 词+it+is/was+that/who+该句的其余部分:如：The problem is how many people it is that/who this hall can hold.We wonder which team it is that will win the game.4.在 强 调“notuntil”结 构 中 由until所引导的短语（或从句）表示的时间状语时，要用固定的强调句型:It+is/was+not until+that+该句的其余部分”，that所引导的从句中的谓语动词用肯定式。如：His father didnt come back from work until 12 oclock.It was not until 12 oclock last night that his father came home form work.三、误区点击1.在强调句子的主语时，强调句的谓语动词要与被强调部分保持一致。如：It is I who/that am speaking over the radio.It is Mike who/that is always telling lies.2.当被强调部分是时间或地点状语时，连接词只能用山at,而不能用when或where,一定要与定语从句区别开来。如：It was this village where I was brought up.（定语从句）It was in this village that I was brought u p.（强调句）。分析：一遇到“Itis/was（时间或地点名词）”结构时，首先要想到该句是否强调句。由于强调句中的“It is/wasthat”只起强调作用，对原句的结构没有影响，故可 把It is/wasthat”去掉，并且把is/was与that之间的部分放到原句的相应位置，不添加或删去任何成分，看该句能否成立，如能成立，则为强调句；否则是定语从句。在第一句中去掉It was和w here,原句变为：I was brought up thisvillageo由于this village这个名词短语不能充当地点状语，此句不能成立，故该句不是强调句。在第二句中去掉It was和that后，原句变为：I was brought up inthis village.此句成立，故该句是强调句。同样的道理：It was the year when the school was b u ilt.（定语从句）It was in the year that the school was b u ilt.（强调句）Make a descent into.复习41动词descendconfrontvt.使面临,使面对The war confronted the country with hardships.战争使这个国家面临苦难。v t.面对,面临The difficulties that confront us seem insuperable.我们所面临的困难似乎是不可克服的。同encounterv t.与相对My house confronts his.我家和他家对门。edge徐徐移动，斜着身子走He edged his way towards the front of the crowd.他侧着身子挤向人群前歹U。She edged her chair closer to mine.她把椅子向我挪了 一些。The cave might never have been discovered had not the entrance been spotted.might have been构成虚拟语气had not the entrance 为非真实条件状语，实为 if the entrance had.如果无法读懂，将had not句提到开头，易于理解。此结构一般略带责备，感慨。注意比较本文几个水的动作w at er fall dr o pw at er s p o u t s ho o tw at er dr i pLesson 43 Fully InsuredNew words and expressionInsure v.投保insure oneself/sth(against sth)给-保险Luckily,he had insured himself against long-term illness.幸运的事，他为自己投保了长期病险。My house is insured against fire.我的房子保了 火险 insurance insureran insurance company 一家保险公司=an insurerinsure v.to make sure,certain(英式英语常用 ensure)【同】ensure,assure,secureensure暗示一种事实上的保证；insure强调为确保某一结果而预先采取某一措施；assure指除去别人多疑虑及担忧；secure指确保不会发生意外或不幸。annual adj 一年一度的an annual meeting/report 年会/年度报告What s your annual salary?annually advThe meeting is held annually.biannual adj 一年两次的anniversary n 周年purchaseE.g.The slave purchased freedom with their blood.buyagreement for sale and-买卖协议E.g.:They pay sales taxes when they make purchases.I was advised to purchase an economical car.生活中到处都有买卖的概念，英语中表示“购买”的动词很多：buy,purchase,这两个动词均含“购买”之意。buy:普通日常用词，既可指日常随意购物也可指大的购买。purchase:正式用词，指大宗购货或购买重要东西。无感情色彩，强调物品的购得。Agony great pain极度痛苦生理上和心理上都可以这是我们报纸上哪一栏：agony column.可能登广告的人正在遭受某种痛苦，而这一拦也许能为他们减轻痛苦，排忧解难。因此这是私人广告栏的一种幽默别称。专门登载寻人，寻物或征婚等启示。后来又产生了 agony uncle,aunt.指那些专门为读者提供意见，解答问题的人。我们报纸上有时候的知心姐姐，阿润哥哥的，到了英文中就是这两个词组。agonize vi(+over)焦虑不已I spent days agonizing over whether to take the job or not.我用 了 好多天苦苦思考是否接受这个工作。agony,auguish,torment,torture,grief,misery,distress,sorrowshiver To shake,as with cold or fear;tremble.【近】Shiver,Quake,Tremble,ShakeS h iv e r多指因寒冷或恐怖而致身体发冷颤抖。Q u a k e正式用语，多指整体的摇动，如地震。Trem ble因恐怖、愤怒、激动或寒冷而使身体无法控制的摇动。Shake 普通用语。有短暂而迅速地往来或上下摇动之意。perch v t使处于某种不稳定的位置上The hotel perched precariously on a steep hillside.旅店里在陡峭的山坡上摇摇欲坠。She perched(herself)on a tall stool in the bar.她坐在酒吧里的高脚凳上。rimThe border or edge of an object.on the verge of w ar战争爆发之际【近】boundary,border,rim 都有边界之意boundary多指作为界线的标识物等。border 较宽的边缘边界，多指地区或国之间的分界；也可以指物体的边缘等。rim 边，边缘，多指圆形或者类似圆形的物体边缘