高三英语二轮复习【循津引渡+建构迁移】猜测词义的技巧课件

-猜测词义猜测词义Dealing with new words or phrases in reading comprehension 高考大纲中关于阅读理解的要求高考大纲中关于阅读理解的要求 要求考生读懂书、报、杂志中关于一般性话要求考生读懂书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文段以及公告、说明、广告等，并能从题的简短文段以及公告、说明、广告等，并能从中获取相关信息。考生应能：中获取相关信息。考生应能：、理解主旨要义；、理解主旨要义；、理解文中具体信息；、理解文中具体信息；、根据上下文推断单词和短语的含义；、根据上下文推断单词和短语的含义；、作出判断和理解；、作出判断和理解；、理解文章的基本结构；、理解文章的基本结构；、理解作者的意图，观点和态度。、理解作者的意图，观点和态度。1.主旨大意主旨大意2.细节理解细节理解 3.猜测词义猜测词义4.推理判断推理判断5.篇章结构篇章结构6.观点态度观点态度题题型型及及解解题题技技巧巧阅阅读读理理解解考纲解读考纲解读 猜测词义题猜测词义题:词义猜测能力是英语高考阅读理解能力词义猜测能力是英语高考阅读理解能力的主要组成部分，是历年高考中的必考题的主要组成部分，是历年高考中的必考题型，主要考查对文中关键词语型，主要考查对文中关键词语(实词、短语、实词、短语、指代关系等指代关系等)的理解。而且，的理解。而且，所考查的词或所考查的词或短语的意义往往不停留在字面上，要根据短语的意义往往不停留在字面上，要根据语境来判断。语境来判断。命题角度命题角度 要求根据阅读材料所提供的信息，结合要求根据阅读材料所提供的信息，结合中学生应有的常识和经验，中学生应有的常识和经验，正确判断生词词正确判断生词词组的含义或成熟词在特定语境中表达的具体组的含义或成熟词在特定语境中表达的具体含义以及一些句子的意思。含义以及一些句子的意思。要求猜测词义的要求猜测词义的词一般为实词及其词组，通过构词、定义、词一般为实词及其词组，通过构词、定义、对比、因果、联想、上下文等线索确定词义对比、因果、联想、上下文等线索确定词义的具体内容。的具体内容。代词复指理解题也是猜测词义的常考类型代词复指理解题也是猜测词义的常考类型如何根据上下文判断词语的涵义如何根据上下文判断词语的涵义这种题型常见的这种题型常见的设设题方式题方式有：有：1）The underlined word（phrase）in the passage means _ 2）The word it（them）in the first paragraph refers to _ 3）The underlined sentence in the last paragraph means _4）Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word in the second paragraph？分析题干能力分析题干能力1.Definition 定义法定义法3.Similarity 相似法相似法2.Contrast 对比法对比法4.Cause and effect 因果法因果法5.Example 例举法例举法8.Common Sense 普通常识普通常识 6.Word Formation 构词法构词法猜猜测测词词义义7.Context 上下文上下文 It will be very hard but very brittle that is,it will break easily.1.Definition 定义法：定义法：一般通过定义、定语一般通过定义、定语（从句）或同位语（从句）来确定词义。（从句）或同位语（从句）来确定词义。(adj.易碎的易碎的,脆的脆的)The herdsman,who looks after sheep,earns about 650 yuan a year.(n.牧羊人牧羊人)信号词：信号词：be,be called,means,be defined as ,that is,that is to say,in other words,-(破折号破折号)等等.A mosquito is a small flying pest that thrust the skin and then drink blood.Desert can be defined as a large area of land where there is not enough rain and vegetation to support human life.蚊子蚊子沙漠沙漠Ex.1 A person who is skilled at making or repairing wooden objects is called a carpenter.His uncle is a zoologist,an expert who does research on animals.They are vertebrates,that is,animals have backbones.The period of adolescence,i.e.the period between childhood and adulthood,may be long or short.木匠木匠动物学家动物学家脊椎动物脊椎动物青春期青春期“Getting the cold shoulder”means that some one is actually in a way that makes you feel unwanted.The very words create a picture:You can imagine a friend turning away so that,instead of a warm greeting,you receive only his shoulder a“cold”shoulder.The expression“getting the cold shoulder”means _.A.being treated rudely by paying no attention to youB.greeting you friendlyC.greeting you by rubbing shoulders with you D.feeding you cold meat2.2.Contrast 对比法：对比法：利用文中的反义词以及表对比关系的利用文中的反义词以及表对比关系的词（组）猜测词义。词（组）猜测词义。表示对比的信号词有表示对比的信号词有yet,but,while,though however,otherwise,on the one handon the other hand,for one thingfor another thing,instead of 等。等。Though Toms face has been washed quite clean,his neck still remains grubby.John usually wastes a lot of money on such useless things,his wife,however,is very thrifty.污秽的污秽的节约的节约的Ex.2 In the past the world seemed to run in an orderly way.Now,however,everything seems to be in a state of turmoil.Some human actions are learned,but quite a few other actions are innate.Although a large number of people considered him to have stolen the money,I was sure that he was innocent of the theft.混乱混乱 无辜的无辜的 天生的天生的 3.3.Similarity 相似法：利用同义相似法：利用同义词、近义词（词组）或相似的词、近义词（词组）或相似的结构猜测词义。结构猜测词义。Cleaning up waterways is an enormous task.The job is so large,in fact,that the government may not be able to save some of the rivers and lakes which have been polluted.(adj.巨大的巨大的;极大的极大的)当被猜的词前后有信号词当被猜的词前后有信号词:or,like,asas,the same as等就可以通过同等就可以通过同义词、近义词来确定词义了。义词、近义词来确定词义了。Mother was tall,fat and middle-aged.My aunt was an old woman,almost as plump as mother,and much shorter.圆胖的,4.Cause Effect 因果法：从原因推因果法：从原因推测结果，从结果推测原因。测结果，从结果推测原因。One who is destitute has a great need for food and clothing.That museum is so immense that it will be impossible to see all the exhibits in one day.(adj.贫穷的贫穷的,穷困的穷困的)(adj.大的大的)因果关系因果关系 信号词信号词:because,since,as,for,due to,so,therefore,sothat,suchthat,thus Rubber can be made to stretch more than nine times its normal length because it is very elastic.The river is so turbid that it is impossible to see the bottom even when it is shallow.弹性的弹性的混浊的混浊的5.Example 例举法：利用文中的举例例举法：利用文中的举例猜测词义。常见的举例的信号词有猜测词义。常见的举例的信号词有for instance,for example,such as:such,like,especially,include,consist of 等等 Today young couples often spend lots of their money on appliances,for instance,washing machines,refrigerators and color televisions.(n.电器用具电器用具)Cars must have certain safety devices such as seat belt,headlights,and good brakes.On the farm they mainly raise poultry,such as chickens,ducks and geese,for their eggs and meat.家禽装置装置6.Word Formation 构词法构词法：英语单词大多是由词根、词头（前缀）英语单词大多是由词根、词头（前缀）和词尾（后缀）所组成。词根是单词最基本和词尾（后缀）所组成。词根是单词最基本的部分，表达单词的基本含义。在词根前或的部分，表达单词的基本含义。在词根前或后加上前缀或后缀，可以用来引申或转变原后加上前缀或后缀，可以用来引申