母校行的社会实践报告2

Lecture 1 On Translation 1. Definition and Property of Translation 1) The translator changing an original written text (the source text or ST) in the original verbal language (the source language or SL) into a written text (the target etxt or TT) in a different verbal language( the target language or TL). 2) Eugene Nida: Translating is probably the most complex type of event in the history the cosmos.) Translating consists in reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source language message, first in terms of meaning, and secondly in terms of style. Reading maketh a full man; conference a ready man; and writing an exact man; ...Histories make men wise; poets witty; the mathematics subtle; natural philosophy deep; moral grave; logic and rhetoric able to contend. 读书使人充实，讨论使人机智，笔记使人准确；......读史使人明智，读 诗使人灵秀，数学使人周密，科学使人深刻，伦理学使人庄重，逻辑修辞 学使人善辩。 2. Criterion of Translation 唐代，佛经翻译家玄奘：既须求真，又须喻俗 清朝末年，严复在《天演论》卷首的译例言中提出了著名的“信、达、 雅”三字翻译标准。 Alexander F. Tytler (1749-1814) Professor of History from Edinburgh University, Essay on the Principles of Translation: (a) The translation should give a complete transcript of the ideas of the original work.(译文应完整地复述出原作的思想。) (b) The style and manner of writing should be of the same character as that of the original.(译文的风格和笔调应与原作的性质一致。) (c) The translation should have all the ease of the original composition. (译文应和原作一样流畅。) The widely acknowledges criterion: Faithfulness and Smoothness (4) it is now thought that the more work we give our brains, the more work they are able to do. 原译：现在被认为，我们给脑子的工作越多，它们能干的工作就越多。 (5) The average shooting star is a small fragment of matter usually smaller than a pea and often no larger than a grain of sand. 原译：普通流星通常只是比豌豆还小，而且往往并不比一粒沙子更大的 物质碎片。 (6) Primarily the Allied task was to utilize the resources of two great nations with the decisiveness of single authority. 原译：盟国的任务主要的是以统一领导的果断性来使用两个大国的资 源。 (7) Scientific discoveries and inventions do not always influence the language in proportion to their importance. 原译：科学的发现与发明，就其重要性的比例而言，并不总对语言有什 么影响。 (8) It is the unique task of laboratory work to develop in the student some undertaking of experimental procedure. This aim can best be achieved by giving him some experience in solving simple experimental problems. 原译：这就是实验室工作在学生中展开某些实验程序工作的唯一任务。 这个目的 3. Translation Process: The translation process: comprehension, expression and proofreading A. Comprehension Comprehension: have a comprehensive and correct understanding of the meanings of a word and an idiom, and the grammatical relations between sentences. (1) For over half a century it has proved almost impossible to achieve any broad measure of agreement on a definition of democracy. 原译：半个多世纪来证明，要就民主定义的广泛措施取得一致意见几乎是不 可能。 改译：......要就有关民主的定义取得任何广泛(程度)的一致意见几乎是不 可能的。 (2) The Prime Minister said that if Parliament went against him on the crucial issue of our joining the Common Market, he would be forced to go to the country. 原译：首相说如果议会在加入共同市场这个关键问题上与他作对的话，他将 被迫到乡 下去。 (3) We can read of things that happened 5,000 years ago in the Near East, where people first learned to write. 原译：早在五千年前的近东，人们首先学会了写字。关于这一点，我们可以 从书本上读到。 (4) During one fdur-year period about 600 years ago, the Black Death killed at least 25 million people in Europe. 原译：大约六百年前黑死病在四年中至少使二千五百万欧洲人死亡。 (5) The name of the game is controlling the population. 原译：游戏的名称是控制人口。」 (6) There had been a meeting of the minds. 原译：头脑里曾举行过一次会议。 (7) Trousers are the order of the day for women when traveling. 原译：妇女外出旅行时，裤子是当天定购的。 ' （8） He is an odd fish; when we are joking, he flies off the handle. 原译：他是个怪人，我们开玩笑时他却从柄上飞下。 （9） What Paul talks is boastful and nonsensical in a fashion. 原译：保罗的谈话合乎某种时尚地瞎吹胡扯。 （10） None of his arguments seemed to me to hold water. 原译：我认为他的论据似乎一条也盛不住水。 Example of false friends that are likely to cause misunderstanding: 原译 改译 to bark at the moon 蜀犬吠日（少见多怪） 空嚷（做徒劳无益之事） to be in one's black book 上了黑名单 失宠于某人 to gild the lily 锦上添花 画蛇添足（多此一举） to hold one's horse 悬崖勒马 忍耐、观望 to call names 点名 辱骂、谩骂 to eat one's words 食言 收回前言、认错道歉 to move heaven and earth 惊天动地、翻天覆地 千方百计、不遗余力 to pull one's leg 拉后腿 取笑、戏弄 (to make) small talk （说）小话 闲谈、聊天 a walking skeleton 行尸走肉 骨瘦如柴 (11) They parted good friends. 原译：他们告别了好朋友。 O (12) Alexander smells vodka. 原译：亚历山大闻了闻伏特加酒。 (13) John finished a poor fourth in the Boston primary. 原译：约翰在波士顿初选中做完了可怜的第四项。 (14) Standing there, you would make an easy target. 原译：站在那儿你会做一个容易做的靶子。 (15) He was convinced on the basis of what had by then appeared that there would be a lot of trouble ahead. 原译：他确信那时巳经出现的情况的基础，前面还会有不少麻烦。 (16) Imagine the effect on a reasonably advanced technological society, one that still does not possess the bomb, of making it aware of the possibility, of supplying sufficient details to enable the thing to be constructed. (17) Everybody has a responsibility to the society of which he is a part and through this to mankind. (18) Potatoes are an imp