2010-2012全国硕士研究生考试英语试卷真题一（精校版）

Section I Use of English Directions:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or Don ANSWER SHEET 1.(10 points)In 1924 Americas National Research Council sent two engineers to supervise a series of experiments at a telephone-parts factory called the Hawthorne Plant near Chicago.It hoped they would learn how shop-floor lighting 1 workers productivity.Instead,the studies ended 2 giving their name to the Hawthorne effect,the extremely influential idea that the very 3 of being experimented upon changed subjects behavior.The idea arose because of the 4 behavior of the women in the plant.According to _5_ of the experiments,their hourly output rose when lighting was increased,but also when it was dimmed.It did not _6_ what was done in the experiment;7 something was changed,productivity rose.A(n)8 that they were being experimented upon seemed to be 9 to alter workers behavior 10 itself.After several decades,the same data were 11 to econometric analysis.The Hawthorne experiments had another surprise in store.12 the descriptions on record,no systematic 13 was found that levels of productivity were related to changes in lighting.It turns out that the peculiar way of conducting the experiments may have led to 14 interpretations of what happened.15 lighting was always changed on a Sunday.When work started again on Monday,output 16 rose compared with the previous Saturday and 17 to rise for the next couple of days._lL,a comparison with data for weeks when there was no experimentation showed that output always went up on Mondays.Workers 19 to be diligent for the first few days of the week in any case,before 20 a plateau and then slackening off.This suggests that the alleged Hawthorne effect is hard to pin down.2.1.A affected 2.A at 3.A truth 4.A controversial 5.A requirements 6.A conclude 7.A as far as 8.A awareness 9.A suitable 10.A about 11.A compared 12.A Contrary to 13.A evidence 14.A disputable 15.A In contrast 16.A duly 17.A failed 18.A Therefore 19.A attempted 20.A breaking Section II Part A Directions:B achieved C extracted D restored B up C with D off B sight C act D proof B perplexing C mischievous D ambiguous B explanations C accounts D assessments B matter C indicate D work B for fear that C in case that D so long as B expectation C sentiment D illusion B excessive C enough D abundant B for C on D by B shown C subjected D conveyed B Consistent with C Parallel with D Peculiar to B guidance C implication D source B enlightening C reliable D misleading B For example C In consequence D As usual B accidentally C unpredictably D suddenly B ceased C started D continued B Furthermore C However D Meanwhile B tended C chose D intended B climbing C surpassing D hitting Reading Comprehension Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B,C or D.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(40 points).3.Text 1 Of all the changes that have taken place in English-language newspapers during the past quarter-century,perhaps the most far-reaching has been the inexorable decline in the scope and seriousness of their arts coverage.It is difficult to the point of impossibility for the average reader under the age of forty to imagine a time when high-quality arts criticism could be found in most bigcity newspapers.Yet a considerable number of the most significant collections of criticism published in the 20th century consisted in large part of newspaper reviews.To read such books today is to marvel at the fact that their learned contents were once deemed suitable for publication in general-circulation dailies.We are even farther removed from the unfocused newspaper reviews published in England between the tum of the 20th century and the eve of World War II,at a time when newsprint was dirt-cheap and stylish arts criticism was considered an ornament to the publications in which it appeared.In those far-off days,it was taken for granted that the critics of major papers would write in detail and at length about the events they covered.Theirs was a serious business,and even those reviewers who wore their learning lightly,like George Bernard Shaw and Ernest Newman,could be trusted to know what they were about.These men believed in journalism as a calling,and were proud to be published in the daily press.So few authors have brains enough or literary gift enough to keep their own end up in journalism,Newman wrote,that I am tempted to define journalism as a term of contempt applied by writers who are not read to writers who are.Unfortunately,these critics are virtually forgotten.Neville Cardus,who wrote for the Manchester Guardian from 1917 until shortly before his death in 1975,is now known solely as a writer of essays on the game of cricket.During his lifetime,though,he was also one of Englands foremost classical-music critics,and a stylist so widely admired that his Autobiography(1947)became a best-seller.He was knighted in 1967,the first music critic to be so honore