新概念1语法

一.名词1.定义：表示人、事物、时间、地点或抽象概念名称的词叫名词(Noun)。2.分类专有名词Mary,Hejin,the Great Wall普通名词可数个体名词book,pen,student,teacher.集体名词family,police,army,group不可数物质名词water,bread,wine,meat抽象名词happiness,success,sadness3.名词的数名词的数是指名词的单、复数形式。表示一个人或事物用单数形式(Singularnoun)；表示一个以上的人或事物用复数形式(Plural noun)。个体名词和集体名词一般属于可数名词(Countable noun)；物质名词和抽象名词一般属于不可数名词(Uncountable noun)。1).单数形式可数名词的单数形式在单词前加a 或 an。在以元音音素开头的单词前加an；在以辅音音素开头的单词前加a。例如：a dictionary 一本词典 a computer 一台电脑 a desk 一张书桌 a university 一所大学an idea 个想法 an hour 一小时 an egg 个鸡蛋 an orange 一个橘子2).复数形式可数名词的复数形式通常在名词后加-s 或一e s 构成，也有不规则变化情况。下面介绍名词变复数的7 种情况。1)单数名词加s:students,apples,bags,trees,books,brothers.2)以s、x、sh、ch结尾的名词加es:glasses,boxes,brushes,matches.3)以辅音字母加y 结尾的名词，变 y 为i 加 es:cities,babies,enemies.4)以f 或 fe结尾的名词，多数变f 为v 加 es:wives,knives.5)以。结尾的名词，有些加es:Negroes,heroes,tomatoes,potatoes.(记忆口诀：黑人英雄爱吃西红柿土豆)其它加 s:radios,zoos,pianos,photos.6)不规则名词：fboWfeet,goose geese,tooth teeth,childchildren,manmen,womanwomen,sheep sheep,deer deer,mousemice.7)单、复数形式相同fish-fish 鱼 she叩sheep 绵羊 deer deer 鹿ChineseChinese 中国人 Japanese Japanese 日本人巧记口诀：中国人和日本人很爱护绵羊、鹿和鱼。4.名词的格(Case)所有格表示人或事物的所有和领属关系，在句子中作定语。名词所有格有-s所有格和of所有格1)，s所有格的构成表示人或有生命的东西的名词，单数名词在其后面加上-S;复数名词在其后面只加(若不是以-S结尾的复数名词仍加-S),且读音与名词复数词尾-S的读音相同。例如：Today is Childrens Day.今天是儿童节。This is Mr Yins office.这是殷先生的办公室。Those are studentsbooks.那些是学生用书。That isnt my parentsroom.那不是我父母的房间。2)of所有格表示无生命的东西的名词所有格，一般用“of+名词”，表示所属关系。例如：the capital of Shandong 山东的省会the windows of our classroom 我们教室的窗户the name of the famous writer那位名作家的名字名词所有格用法口诀英语名词所有格,名 词 后 加，s,两者共有添最后,复数名词有s,名词若为无生命,AofB 是 B 的 A,表示物品所有权。这种情况最常见。各有各添记心间。后 面 只 把 来添我们常把of用。体现英汉序不同【典型练习】I.找出下列笑话中的可数名词，并写出其复数形式：In the market,a buyer asked a seller How much is this cat,please?”100 dollars.”Butyou only asked for 20 dollars yesterday!”Yes,thats true.But this cat ate a bird last nightand the bird was worth 80 dollars!?,n.找出不可数名词，在横线上打勾，并将可数名词变成复数形式:2.Her two brothers are bot h.A.policeman B.policemans C.policemen D.policemens3.There are four and two in the group.homeworkhalfadvicemoneyknowledgebootbloodmusicchickenheatmouthbreadinformationmilkcowtearin.选择填空：1.The deer has four,A.footB.feet C.feetsD.footsA.Japanese,Germen B.Japaneses,Germen C.Japanese,Germans4.The g i r l s a r e Lily and Lucy.A.name B.names C.names95.Can you see nine in the picture?A.sheep B.dog C.pig D.horse6 The has t wo.A.boys,watches B.boy,watch C.boy,watches D.boys,watch7.The boy often brushes his before he goes to bed.A.tooth B.tooths C.teeth D.teeths8.One,two,three five.Fi ve.A.monkey B.monkeies C.monkeys9.There are lots of in the basket on the table.A.tomatos B.tomato C.tomatoes D.tomatoss10.The cat caught two last night.A.mouses B.mice C.mouse D.mices【拔高练习】IV.短语翻译：1.我的爷爷_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _3.我奶奶的钱包一5.这些工人的外套7.这些医生的杯子9.海伦的同学_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _1 1.那些老师的书桌V.选择题2.杰姆的房间_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _4.那些学生的书6.那些小孩的父母8.那个书包的颜色10.这些男孩的床_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _12.我兄弟的钢笔_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _1.The of the room were covered wi t h.A.roofs,leafs B.roofs,leaves C.rooves,leafs D.rooves,leaves2.There are three in our factory.A.woman doctors B.women doctors C.woman doctor D.women doctor3.Which do you prefer or?A.potatos,tomatos B.potatos,tomatoes C.potatoes,tomatos D.potatoes,tomatoes4.He gave us on how to keep fit.A.some advices B.some advice C.an advice D.a advice5.He doesnt like for supper.A.chick B.chicken C.chickens D.chicks6.一 Would you like_ tea?No,thanks.I have drunk t wo.A.any,bottles of orange B.some,bottles of orangeC.many,bottles of oranges D.few,bottle of oranges7.Please give me_paper.A.one B.a piece C.a D.a piece of8.My family raise a lot of,including t wo.A.cattle,cows B.cows,cattle C.cattles,cows D.cow,cattles9.A number of soldiers at he camp gate（军营 门口）.A.have gathered B.has gathered C.is D.was10.John bought_for himself yesterday.A.two pairs of shoes B.two pair of shoe C.two pair of shoes D.two pairs shoes11.September 10th is in China.A.Teacher9s Day B.Teachers9 DayC.Teacher Day D.Teachers Day12.How many have you got on your farm?一Fve got five.A.sheeps B.sheep C.pig D.chicken13.Some_came to our school for a visit that day.A.Germans B.Germen C.Germany D.Germanies14.In the picture there are many and t wo.A.sheep;foxes C.sheeps;foxesB.sheeps;fox D.sheep;fbxs15.The football under the bed is.A.Lily and Lucy B.Lilys and LucysC.Lilys and Lucy D.Lily and Lucys二.代 词第 一 人 称第 二 人 称第三人称单数复数单数复数单 数复数人称代词主 格Iweyouyouhesheitthey宾 格meusyouyouhimheritthem物主代词形容词性myouryouryourhisheritstheir名词性mineoursyoursyourshishersitstheirsI.人称代词:人称代词又分为主格和宾格形式.主格通常做主语。宾格通常做动词或介词的宾语.Eg:Im a nurse.Could you help me?II.物主代词又分为形容词性的物主代词和名词性的物主代词.形容词性的物主代词:相当于形容词,后面要跟名词，指定名词的所属对象.名词性的物主代词:相当于一个名词,必须单独使用，后面不能再跟名词.Eg:a.Your school is small,mine is big.(=my book)b.This is not your pen.Yours is on the desk.(=your pen)三.时 态：一、一般现在时：概念：经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。时间状语：always,usually,often,sometimes,every week(day,year,month.),once a week,on Sundays.基本结构：be动词；行为动词否定形式：am/is/are+not;此时态的谓语动词若为