新概念第四册中英文对照已逐字校对版-注释文字后缀

Lesson 1 Finding fossil化石(fosl)man 发现化石人Why are legends 传说(lednd)handed down 遗留 by storytellers useful?We can read of things that happened 5,000 years ago in the Near East,where people first learned to write.我们从书籍中可读到5000年前近东发生的事情，那里的人最早学会了写字。But there are some parts of the world where even now people cannot write.但直到现在，世界上仍然有些地方，人们还不会书写。The only way that they can preserve their history is to recount详细叙述(rikaunt)it as sagas传说(sa:gj)-legends handed down from one generation of storytellers to another.他们保存历史的唯一办法是将历史当作传说讲述，由讲述人一代接一代地将史实描述为传奇故事口传下来。These legends are useful because they can tell us something about migrations迁移(mai greifn)of people who lived long ago,这些传说是很有用的，因为他们能告诉我们以往人们迁居的情况。hut none could write down what they did.但是没有人能把他们当时做的事情记载下来。Anthropologists人类学家(aenBrapDhdsist)wondered where the remote ancestors祖先(2ensesta(r)of the Polynesian(pnh,ni:zian)peoples now living in the Pacific(pd sifik)Islands came from.人类学家过去不清楚如今生活在太平洋诸岛上的玻利尼西亚人的祖先来自何方，The sagas of these people explain that some of them came from Indonesia E R 尼(mdauni:zja)about 2,000 years ago.当地人的传说却告诉了人们：其中有一部分是在约2000年前从印度尼西亚迁来的。But the first people who were like ourselves lived so long ago that even their sagas,if they had any,are forgotten.但是，和我们相似的原始人生活的年代太久远了，有关他们的传说即使有如今也失传了。So archaeologists have neither history nor legends to help them to find out where the first(modern men came from.所以，考古学家们既缺乏历史记载，又无口头传说来帮助他们弄清最早的“现代人”是从哪里来的。Fortunately,however,ancient古代的(einQut)men made tools of stone,especially flint燧石int),然而，幸运的是，远古人用石头制作了工具，特别是用燧石，because this is easier to shape than other kinds.因为燧石较之其他石头更易成形。They may also have used wood and skins,but these have rotted腐烂 away.他们也可能用过木头和兽皮，但这类东西早已腐烂殆尽。Stone does not decay腐败(di ke。,and so the tools of long ago have remained when even the bones of the men who made them have disappeared without trace.石头是不会腐烂的。因此，尽管制造这些工具的人的骨头早已荡然无存，但远古时代的石头工具却保存了下来。Lesson 2 Sparc饶(speo(r)that spider蜘蛛(spaidj)不要伤害蜘蛛How much of each year do spiders spend killing insects?Why,you may wonder,should spiders be our friends?你可能会觉得奇怪，蜘蛛怎么会是我们的朋友呢？Because they destroy so many insects,and insects include some of the greatest enemies of the human race种(reis).因为它们能消灭那么多的昆虫，其中包括一些人类的大敌。Insects would make it impossible for us to live in the world;昆虫就会使我们无法在地球上生活下去，they would devour吃 光(di vaua(r)all our crops and kill our flocks and herds牛羊，昆虫会吞食我们的全部庄稼，杀死我们成群的牛羊。if it were not for the protection we get from insect-eating animals.要不是人类受一些食虫动物的保护，We owe感谢(ou)a lot to the birds and beasts(bi:st)who eat insects but all of them put together kill only a fraction of the number destroyed by spiders.我们要十分感谢那些吃昆虫的鸟和兽，然而把它们所杀死的昆虫全部加在一起也只相当于蜘蛛所消灭的一小部分。Moreover此 夕 卜,unlike some of the other insect eaters,spiders never do the least harm to us or our belongings.此外，蜘蛛不同于其他食虫动物，它们丝毫不危害我们和我们的财物。Spiders are not insects,as many people think,nor even nearly related to them.许多人认为蜘蛛是昆虫，但它们不是昆虫，甚至与昆虫毫无关系。One can tell the difference almost at a giance(gla:ns),人们几乎一眼就能看出二者的差异，ibr a spider always has eight legs and an insect never more than six.因为蜘蛛都是8条腿，而昆虫的腿从不超过6条。How many spiders are engaged从事(in geidsd)in this work on our behalf?有多少蜘蛛在为我们效力呢？One authority权 威(afGoroti)on spiders made a census人 口普查(senses)of the spiders in a grass field in the south of England,一位研究蜘蛛的权威对英国南部一块草坪上的蜘蛛作了一次调查。and he estimated that there were more than 2,250,000 in one acre英亩(eikj);他估计每英亩草坪里有225万多只蜘蛛。that is something like 6,000,000 spiders of different kinds on a football pitch(pitj).这就是说，在一个足球场上约有600万只不同种类的蜘蛛。Spiders are busy for at least half the year in killing insects.蜘蛛至少有半年时间忙于吃昆虫。It is impossible to make more than the wildest guess舌 L 猜(waild ges)at how many they kill,它们一年中消灭了多少昆虫，我们简直无法猜测，but they are hungry creatures,not content with满足于(knntent wid)only three meals a day.它们是吃不饱的动物，不满意一日三餐。It has been estimated that the weight of all the insects destroyed by spiders in Britain in one year would be greater than the total weight of all the human beings in the country.据估计，在英国蜘蛛一年里所消灭昆虫的重量超过了这个国家人口的总重量。Lesson 3 Matterhorn man 马特霍恩山区人What was the main objective 目标(ob dektiv)of early mountain climbers?Modern alpinists登山家(史Ipmist)try to climb mountains by a route which will give them good sport,现代登山运动员总想找一条能够给他们带来运动乐趣的路线来攀登山峰。and the more difficult it is,the more highly it is regarded尊敬(riga:d).他们认为，道路愈艰险愈带劲儿。In the p io n e e r in g.paianidrirj)days,however,this was not the case at all.然而，在登山运动的初期，全然不是这种情况。The early climbers were looking for the easiest way to the top,早期登山者所寻找的是通往山顶的最方便的途径，because the summit顶峰(SAmit)was the prize they sought寻找especially if it had never been attained before.因为顶峰特别是前人未曾到过的顶峰一才是他们寻求的目标。It is true that during their explorations they often faced difficulties and dangers of the most perilous危险(peelos)nature,确实，在探险中他们经常遇到惊心动魄的困难和危险，equipped in a manner方法(mam?)which would make a modern climber shudder战 栗(jAdj(r)at the thought,而他们装备之简陋足以使现代登山者一想起来就胆战心惊。but they did not go out of their way故意 to court追求such excitement.但是，他们并非故意寻求这种刺激，They had a