高考英语二轮复习语法专练专题三形容词和副词课件 (含解析)

专题三形容词和副词考向分析考向分析形容词和副词是历年来高考的高频考点之一,考查内容主要涉及倍数的表达法、形容词或副词的比较级和最高级在常用句式中的应用,有时也会利用具体语境来考查比较级和最高级。考点清单考点清单一、平级比较的常用表达一、平级比较的常用表达单句填空单句填空1.I had as much fun sailing the seasasI now do working with students.答案答案as句意:我在海上航行和现在与学生一起工作一样快乐。根据常用表达“as+many/much+名词.+as.”可知,空格处填as。2.It is generally believed that teaching is as muchanart as it is a science.答案答案an句意:人们普遍认为,教学既是一门艺术,也是一门科学。根据句式“as+much+a/an+名词+as.”可知,空格处填不定冠词an。语境运用语境运用3.It was after he got what he had desired that he realized it was notso/as important.答案答案so/as在句尾省略了“as what he had desired”,结合常用表达“not as/so+形容词或副词的原级+as”可知,空格处填so/as。单句改错单句改错4.(2015福建卷)The failure was a big blow to him,but he wasnt discouraged and soon got so enthusiastic as ever.soas答案答案soas句意:这次失败对他来说是一个很大的打击,可是他并没有气馁,很快他就又像以前那样充满热情了。根据在肯定句中平级比较用“as+形容词原级+as”可知,句中的so使用错误,应改为as。1.as+形容词或副词的原级+asHe is as tall as his father.他和他父亲一样高。2.not as/so+形容词或副词的原级+as(表示前者不如后者)He doesn t study as/so hard as his brother.他学习不如他弟弟努力。3.as+形容词的原级+a/an+单数名词+as+其他Tom is as hard-working a boy as his brother.汤姆是和他弟弟一样努力的男孩。4.as+many/much+名词+as+其他I have as many books as you.我的书和你的书一样多。用法精讲用法精讲二、比较级的常用表达二、比较级的常用表达单句填空单句填空1.The traffic on the main streets has alonger(long)green signal than that on the small ones.答案答案longer空后的than是关键词,此处为常用表达“形容词或副词的比较级+than+其他”,故空格处填longer。2.The harder(hard)you try to beat him,the more likely you will get hit.答案答案harder根据句式“the+比较级+其他,the+比较级+其他”可知,空格处填harder。语境运用语境运用3.The water was simply the container for an act of kindness and love and nothing could be sweeter(sweet).答案答案sweeter空后省略了“than it”,结合语境“没有什么比这更甜的了”可知,空格处填比较级sweeter。此处否定词与比较级连用相当于最高级。单句改错单句改错4.Of the two sisters,Betty is the youngest one,and she is also the one who loves to be quiet.youngestyounger答案答案youngestyounger 句意:贝蒂是这两个姐妹中较年轻的那个,而且她也是喜欢安静的那个。这里表示“两者中更/较的”,故youngest改为younger。1.形容词和副词比较级和最高级的构成规则A规则变化:词形分类及变化规则原级比较级最高级单音节词和少数双音节词一般加-er或-esttalllongtallerlongertallestlongest以e结尾的,只加-r或-stnicefinenicerfinernicestfinest以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的,先双写该辅音字母再加-er或-estbighotfatbiggerhotterfatterbiggesthottestfattest以“辅音字母+y”结尾的,先改y为i再加-er或-esthappyEasyhappiereasierhappiesteasiest其他双音节词和多音节词在前面加more或mostdifficultbeautifulmore difficultmore beautifulmost difficultmost beautiful用法精讲用法精讲名师点睛名师点睛少数双音节词及以-er或-le结尾的词,可以有两种比较级和最高级形式。commoncommoner/more commoncommonest/most commonB不规则变化:原级比较级最高级goodwellbetterbestbadbadlyillworseworstmanymuchmoremostlittlelessleastfarfartherfurtherfarthestfurthestoldolderelderoldesteldest2.形容词和副词比较级的常见用法(1)表示一方不及另一方时,用“less+原级+than”结构。This computer is less expensive than mine.这台电脑没有我的贵。(2)表示一方程度随另一方程度平行变化时,用“the+比较级.,the+比较级.”,意为“越越”。The busier he is,the happier he feels.他越忙越感到高兴。(3)不与其他事物相比较,表示本身程度的改变时,用“比较级+and+比较级/more and more+原级”结构,意为“越来越”。Our school is becoming more and more beautiful.我们学校变得越来越漂亮了。(4)表示“和一样不”时,用“no+比较级+than”结构。You are no taller than I.你和我一样都不高。(5)注意下列短语的使用:be more than意为“超过,不仅仅;非常”。There are more than fifty students in the class.这个班有50多个学生。(more than此时多与数词连用)Peace is more than the absence of war.和平不仅仅是没有战争。(more than此时多与名词连用)She is more than selfish.她非常自私。(more than此时多与形容词连用)more.than.意为“与其说不如说”。She is more careless than stupid.与其说她笨,还不如说她粗心大意。not more than“至多”。I have not more than ten books in my bag.我包里的书不多于10本。no more than“只有,仅仅”。I have no more than ten books in my bag.我的包里仅有10本书。less than“少于”。It had cost Tom less than five dollars.它花费汤姆不到五美元。no less than“有之多”。No less than a thousand people came.多达1000人来了。not less than“不少于”。He is not less than 80 years old.他至少80岁了。(6)“the+比较级+of+the two.”表示“两者中更/较的”Tom is the taller of the two boys.汤姆是这两个男孩中较高的那个。3.比较级形式表示最高级意义的表达方式(1)否定词+比较级(2)比较级+than+any other+单数名词(3)比较级+than+the other+复数名词(4)比较级+than+anyone/anything else(5)比较级+than+any of the other+复数名词I have never spent a more worrying day.我度过了最令人担忧的一天。I cant agree more.我完全同意。Every morning he arrives earlier than any other student in the class.=Every morning he arrives earlier than the other students in the class.=Every morning he arrives earlier than any of the other students in the class.=Every morning he arrives earlier than the rest of the students in the class.每天早上他都是班里来得最早的。三、最高级的常用表达三、最高级的常用表达单句填空单句填空1.Brighton is the healthiest(health)city in Britain with the highest level of personal trainers,yoga clubs and health food stores,according to a survey released on Friday.答案答案healthiest根据语境“布莱顿是英国最健康的城市”可知,空格处填最高级healthiest。语境运用语境运用2.This is by farthemostinspiring(inspiring)movie that I have ever seen.答案答案the most inspiring由by far和I have ever seen可知这里应用最高级。3.(2017河北唐山调研)Als adult son,Ernie,however,is one of thekindest(kind)men I have ever known.答案答案kindest根据I have ever known可推知设空处需用形容词最高级。单句改错单句改错4.As is know to all,the Peoples Republic of China is the bigger develop-ing country in the world.biggerbiggest答案答案biggerbiggest句意:众所周知,中华人民共和国是世界上最大的发展中国家。根据句意可知,句中的bigger使用错误,应改为最高级形式。1.形容词最高级(+名词)+表示范围的状语She is the most active student in our class.她是我们班最活跃的学生。2.one of+the+形容词最高级+名词复数Shanghai is one of the biggest cities in our country.=Shanghai is among the biggest cities in our country.上