高考英语二轮复习语法专练专题九定语从句课件 (含解析)

专题九定语从句考向分析考向分析定语从句包括限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句两种,是三大从句中考查最频繁的从句,在语法填空和短文改错两种题型中均有涉及,考查的重点是that,which,who,whose,when,where等关系词的用法。考点清单考点清单一、关系代词引导的定语从句一、关系代词引导的定语从句单句填空单句填空1.Thelittleproblemsthat/whichwemeetinourdailylivesmaybeinspirationsforgreatinventions.答案答案that/which句意:我们在日常生活中遇到的小问题有可能成为伟大发明的灵感。本题考查定语从句。题干中,Thelittleproblems是先行词,且指物,wemeetinourdailylives是定语从句,从句中缺少宾语,因此用that/which引导定语从句。语境运用语境运用2.Myeldestson,whoseworktakeshimallovertheworld,isinNewYorkatthemoment.答案答案whose句意:我的大儿子现在在纽约,他的工作让他走遍世界各地。设空处引导的定语从句修饰先行词son,设空处在句中作定语修饰work,所以要用关系代词whose。3.Thenumberofsmokers,asisreported,hasdroppedby17percentinjustoneyear.答案答案as句意:正如报道的那样,吸烟的人数仅在一年内就已经减少了百分之十七。本题考查非限制性定语从句。先行词为整个主句的内容,关系词在定语从句中作主语,故填as。asisreported正如报道的那样。4.Pleasesendusalltheinformationthatyouhaveaboutthecandidatefortheposition.答案答案that句意:请把你拥有的关于竞聘这个职位的那个候选人的所有信息发给我们。在本句中,先行词information被all修饰,所以只能填关系代词that,而不填which。5.Iftheearthispoisoned,thewater,thefoodandtheanimalswillbepoi-soned,whichmeansthatwewhopoisontheearthwillbepoisonedtoo.答案答案which句意:如果土地被污染了,水、食物和动物就会被污染,这意味着将土地污染了的我们也将被污染。先行词为设空处前的内容,先行词在定语从句中作主语,故用which引导非限制性定语从句。6.(2017课标全国)ButSarah,whohastakenpartinshowsalongwithtopmodels,wantstoprovethatshehasbrainsaswellasbeauty.答案答案who两个逗号之间为非限制性定语从句,先行词为Sarah,关系词在从句中作主语,故填who。单句改错单句改错7.(2017课标全国)Intheirsparetime,theyareinterestedinplantingveg-etablesintheirgarden,thatisontherooftopoftheirhouse.thatwhich答案答案thatwhich逗号之后是非限制性定语从句,先行词为garden,关系词在从句中作主语,故用which而不能用that引导非限制性定语从句。1.关系代词that与which的用法辨析只用that的情况:(1)先行词是all,something,everything,anything,nothing,little,much,few等不定代词;(2)先行词被all,any,every,no,little(少),much,some等词修饰;(3)先行词被序数词、形容词最高级修饰或先行词本身是序数词;(4)先行词被theonly,thevery(正好、恰好),thelast修饰;(5)先行词中既有人也有物;用法精讲用法精讲(6)在which或who的特殊疑问句中含有定语从句;(7)先行词是theway，并在定语从句中充当状语时，关系代词用that/inwhich或省略关系词。ThisistheveryfilmthatIwanttosee.这正是一部我想看的影片。Thefamouswriterandhisbookthatyoureferredtojustnowarewellknownnow.你刚才提到的那位著名作家和他的书现在非常有名。先行词指物时,只用which的情况:(1)引导非限制性定语从句;(2)关系代词充当介词的宾语,且介词位于关系代词之前;ThepresidentoftheWorldBanksayshehasapassionforChina,whichheremembersstartingasearlyashischildhood.世界银行主席说他对中国有一种情结,他记得这种情结始于他的童年。Theresultwasnotthesameastheyhadexpected,whichwasratherdisap-pointing.结果与当初他们预料的不一样,这让人觉得很失望。2.which与as引导非限制性定语从句的区别whichas位置上只能放在先行词的后面 位置灵活,可位于句首、句中,也可置于句末搭配上无动词的限制定语从句谓语动词通常是表示感觉或心理活动的动词,如see、hear、know、expect、remember等意思上意为“这一点”表示“正如,正像那样”Shemarriedagain,whichwasunexpected.她再婚了,这是始料不及的。Shemarriedagain,asweexpected.正如我们预料的那样,她再婚了。3.其他关系代词的用法辨析关系代词先行词句法功能who人主语、宾语(限制性定语从句中可省略)、表语whom人宾语(限制性定语从句中可省略)whose(=ofwhom/ofwhich)人或物定语Eachgraduatestandingintheplayground,whowasaccompaniedbyaparent,wouldbeawardedadiplomabytheheadmaster.每个毕业生都由父亲或母亲陪伴着站在操场上,由校长给他们颁发文凭。Mydaughter,whosejobrequireshertodoalotoftravelling,isalwaysawayfromhome.我的女儿总不在家,她的工作需要经常出差。二、关系副词引导的定语从句二、关系副词引导的定语从句单句填空单句填空1.(2016课标全国)ButmyconnectionwithpandasgoesbacktomydaysonaTVshowinthemid-1980s,whenIwasthefirstWesternTVre-porterpermittedtofilmaspecialunitcaringforpandasrescuedfromstar-vationinthewild.答案答案when逗号之后为非限制性定语从句,先行词指时间,且关系词在从句中作时间状语,故用关系副词when引导定语从句。语境运用语境运用2.(2015广东)Whenharvestcamearound,hewasalreadysellingherbs,vegetablesandcottoninthemarketwherepeoplefromthetownsmetregularly.答案答案where地点名词market为先行词,关系词在从句中作地点状语,故用where引导定语从句。3.Thereasonwhyanyofustakeanyrisksatallmighthavetodowithearlyhumans.答案答案why空前的reason为先行词,关系词在从句中作原因状语,故用关系副词why引导定语从句。4.IvegottoapointinmylifewhereIknowIamsmartenoughtodiveintoanareathatistotallyunknown,hard,butinteresting.答案答案wherepoint为先行词,关系词在从句中作状语,故用where引导定语从句。【知识拓展知识拓展】当先行词是activity,situation,point,case,stage,scene等抽象名词,且关系词在从句中作状语时,应用where作为定语从句的引导词。单句改错单句改错5.Inmyopinion,Beijingisthemostbeautifulcity,whichIspentmylastsummerholiday.whichwhere答案答案whichwhere先行词指地点,关系词在从句中作地点状语,故which错误,应改为where。三个关系副词引导的定语从句三个关系副词引导的定语从句用法精讲用法精讲关系副词先行词句法功能when时间时间状语where地点地点状语why原因原因状语Ithassetupabigstageforyoungpeoplewithatalentformusic,wheresomehavestoodoutamongthem.它为有音乐天赋的年轻人建立了一个大舞台,在这个舞台上一些人从中脱颖而出。Thereasonwhyhefailedintheexamwasthathedidntstudyhard.他考试失败的原因是他学习不努力。三、三、“介词介词+关系词关系词”引导的定语从句引导的定语从句单句填空单句填空1.Scientistshaveadvancedmanytheoriesaboutwhyhumanbeingscrytears,noneofwhichhasbeenproved.答案答案which句意:就人类为什么哭出眼泪科学家提出了许多理论,但没有一项理论得到过证明。先行词为theories,将先行词代入定语从句后可知关系词在定语从句中作介词of的宾语,故答案为which。语境运用语境运用2.In1963theUNsetuptheWorldFoodProgramme,oneofwhosepur-posesistorelieveworldwidestarvation.答案答案whose句意:1963年,联合国成立了世界粮食计划署,这个组织的目标之一是减缓全球范围的饥荒。本题考查定语从句。定语从句的先行词是theWorldFoodProgramme,与定语从句中的purposes是所属关系,即theWorldFoodProgrammespurposes,故填whose。3.Manyyoungpeople,mostofwhomwerewell-educated,headedforre-moteregionstochasetheirdreams.答案答案whom句意:很多年轻人都去了偏远地区追求自己的梦想,他们中大部分都受过良好的教育。先行词为youngpeople,指人,将先行词代入定语从句后可知先行词在定语从句中作介词of的宾语,故答案为whom。单句改错单句改错4.Aliceaskedthepolicemanwithsheworkedtocontactherwhenevertherewasanaccident.with后加后加whom答案答案with后加whom先行词为policeman,指人,关系词在定语从句中作介词with的宾语,故应用whom作为定语从句的引导词。“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句的两个考查点1.考查该结构中关系代词的选用若介词放在关系代词之前,关系代词指人时常用whom,指物时常用which。另外,whose也可以放在介词后,即“介词+whose+名词”结构,whose指人、物皆可。Withthefastdevelopmentofagriculture,thepeople,inwhosevillageshe