新概念英语第一册全部语法9

新概念英语第一册全部语法一时态：一般现在时，现在进行时，一般过去时，现在完成时，一般将来时，过去进行时，过去完成时，过去将来时1.一般现在时表示一般性，经常性的动作或一般性事实。u 含有be动词的句子He is a teacher.The girl is very beautiful.Tim and Jack are students.变疑问句将be动词移到句首Is he a teacher?Is the girl very beautiful?Are Tim and Jack students?变否定句在be动词后面加notHe is not a teacher.The girl is not very beautiful.Tim and Jack are not students.肯定回答及否定回答Yes,he is.No,he is not.Yes,she is.No,she is not.Yes,they are.No,they are not.u 不含有动词的句子，即含有一般动词的句子第三人称单数及单数名词He likes books.She likes him.The dog likes bones.变疑问句在句首加does,动词变为原型Does he like books?Does she like him?Does the dog like bones?变否定句在主语及动词之间加doesn t,动词变为原型He doesn t like books.She doesn t like him.The dog doesn t like bones.肯定回答及否定回答：Yes,he does.No,he doesn t.Yes,she does.No,she doesn tYes,it does.No,it doesn,t.注意：第三人称单数形式一般在动词后面加S,不要和名词复数混淆，变否定句或疑问句时名词复数没有任何变化。其他人称及复数名词I want to have a bath.We have some meat.The students like smart teachers.变疑问句在句首加doDo you want to have a bath?Do we have any meat?Do the students like smart teachers?变否定句在主语和动词之间加don t.You don t want to have a bath.We don,t have any meat.The students don,t like smart teachers.肯定回答及否定回答Yes,I do.No,I don t.Yes,we do.No,we don tYes,they do.No,they don,t.2.现在进行时表示现在正在进行的动作。构成：主语+b e 动词+动词的现在分词+其它成分（现在分词的构成见附录）We are having lunch.He is reading a book.The dog is running after a cat.The boys are swimming across the river.变疑问句将be动词移到句首Are we having lunch?Is he reading a book?Is the dog running after a cat?Are the boys swimming across the river?变否定句在be动词后面加notWe are not having lunch.He is not reading a book.The dog is not running after a cat.The boys are swimming across the river.特殊疑问句：what,which,how,where,who,etc.疑问词+动词+主语+现在分词What are you doing?What is she doing?W ha t is t he dog doing?（必背）没有进行时的动词表示状态，思想，感情和感觉的动词不能表示正在进行的动作1.表示感觉，感官的词s ee,hea r,like,lov e,w a nt,2.ha v e,ha s 当“拥有”讲时没有进行时3.一般过去时表示过去发生的动作或事件，常和表示过去的时间状语连用，如 y es t er da y,la s t night,t he da yb efor e y es t er da y,3 da y s a go,含有b e动词的句子，将动词变为过去式，a m,is 的过去式为w a s,a r e的过去式为w er eI w a s a t t he b u t c herJ s.Y ou w er e a s t u dent a y ea r a go.T he t ea c her w a s v er y b ea u t ifu l t en y ea r s a go.变疑问句将b e动词移动到句首W er e y ou a t t he b u t c herJ s?W er e y ou a s t u dent a y ea r a go?W a s t he t ea c her v er y b ea u t ifu l t en y ea r s a go?变否定句在b e动词后面加notI w a s not a t t he b u t c herJ s.Y ou w er e not a s t u dent a y ea r a go.T he t ea c her w a s not v er y b ea u t ifu l t en y ea r s a go.肯定回答否定回答Y es,I w a s.N o,I w a s not.Y es,y ou w er e.N o,y ou w er e not.Y es,he/s he w a s.N o,he/s he w a s not.特殊疑问句：W ha t did y ou do?（必背）不含有b e动词的句子，将动词变为过去式，动词过去式构成见附录I finis hed my homew or k y es t er da y.T he b oy w ent t o a r es t a u r a nt.T he S a w y er s liv ed a t K ing S t r eet a y ea r a go.变疑问句在句首加d i d,动词变为原型D id y ou finis h y ou r homew or k y es t er da y?D id t he b oy go t o a r es t a u r a nt?D id t he S a w y er s liv e a t K ing S t r eet a y ea r a go?变否定句在主语和动词之间加did notI did not finis h my homew or k y es t er da y.T he b oy did not go t o a r es t a u r a nt.T he S a w y er s did not liv e a t K ing S t r eet a y ea r a go.肯定回答及否定回答Y es,I did.N o,I didn t.Y es,he did.N o,he didn t.Y es,t hey did.N o,t hey did not.4.现在完成时构成：主语+助动词ha v e,ha s+过去分词用法：1）表示过去发生的和现在有某种联系的动作，常和ju s t,u s u a lly,a lr ea dy,s inc e等时间副词连用I ha v e ju s t ha d lu nc h.（饱了，不用再吃了）H e ha s ha d a c u p of t ea.（不渴了，不用再喝）T hey ha v e a lr ea dy ha d t heir holida y.（不能再度假了）T he b oy ha s a lr ea dy r ea d t he b o o k.（已经知道书的内容了，不用再看了）2）询问别人是否做过某事一般用现在完成时：H a v e y ou finis hed y ou r homew or k?H a v e y ou b een t o B eijing?H a v e he s een t he film?3）表示开始于过去并持续到现在的动作I ha v e liv ed in B eijing for t w ent y y ea r s.I ha v e w or ked for t his s c hool for 1 y ea r.4）表示一种经历，经验：去过地方，做过事情，经历过事情I ha v e nev er ha d a b a t h.I ha v e nev er s een a film.I ha v e nev er b een t o c inema.I ha v e ev er b een t o P a r is.H a v e b een t o 表示去过，ha v e gone t o 表示去了I ha v e b een t o L ondon.（人已经回来）H e ha s gone t o L ondon.（人还在那里）5）表示一种结果，一般不和时间副词联用I ha v e los t my pen.I ha v e hu r t my s elf.H e ha s b ec ome a t ea c her.S he ha s b r oken my hea r t.句型变化：变疑问句将助动词移到句首，变否定句在助动词后面加not.e.g.H a v e y ou los t y ou r pen?I ha v e not los t my pen.肯定回答及否定回答Y es,I ha v e.N o,I ha v e not.特殊疑问句：W ha t ha v e y ou done?W ha t ha s he done?一般过去时与现在完成时的区别：凡是有明确的表示过去的时间状语的句子为过去时注意：有些动词表示的动作有一个终点，不能再延续，因此不能和表示一段时间状语连用错：I v e left B eijing for 3 da y s.对：I left B eijing 3 da y s a go.I ha v e b een a w a y fr om b eing for 3 da y s.5 .一般将来时表示将来将要发生的动作，经常和 t omor r ow,nex t y ea r,t he da y a ft er t omor r ow,t he y ea r a ft ert he nex t,in fiv e hou r s t ime,et c.表示将来的词联用结构：主语+助动词w iU+动词原形I w ill go t o A mer ic a t omor r ow.T he pilot w ill fly t o J a pa n t he mont h a ft er t he nex t.J a c k w ill mov e int o his new hou s e t omor r ow mor ning.变疑问句将助动词移到句首W ill y ou go t o A mer ic a t omor r ow?W ill t he pilot fly t o J a pa n t he mont h a ft er t he nex t?W ill J a c k mov e int o his new ho