《医学英语视听说（第二版）》课件unit 10

医学英语视听说(第二版)Unit Ten Urinary SystemMedical English Communication:Listening and Speaking(2nd edition)1ContentsPart I Introduction to the Urinary System Part II Diseases Related to the Urinary SystemPart III Celebrity and DiseasePart IV Medical Terminology Related to the Urinary System2Part V Further ThinkingPart IVideo:Introduction to the Urinary System3Think and TalkAlthough the primary role of the kidneys is excretion,they play more roles than are commonly realized:They filter the blood plasma and excrete the toxic metabolic wastes.They regulate blood volume,pressure,and osmolality by regulating water output.They regulate the electrolyte and acidbase balance of the body fluids.They secrete the hormone erythropoietin,which stimulates the production of red blood cells and thus supports the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood.They help to regulate calcium homeostasis and bone metabolism by participating in the synthesis of calcitriol.Reference4Think and TalkThey clear hormones and drugs from the blood and thereby limit their action.They detoxify free radicals.In conditions of extreme starvation,they help to support the blood glucose level by synthesizing glucose from amino acids.In view of such diverse roles,it is easy to see why renal failure can lead to the collapse of many other physiological functions as well.Reference5Task One:Blank Filling(1)soluble (2)dehydration(3)urine(4)production(5)fluidWatch and Do(6)18-foot(7)absorbs(8)materials(9)blood stream (10)nutritional 6Task Two:Error Correction1.Our kidneys work as filter to preserve as much of our bodys water volume as possible.Healthy kidneys filter all the blood in our body every 30 minutes.2.A nephron consists of a bulb called Bowmans capsule,filled with cluster of capillaries called glomerulus,and a long twisting tube called renal tubule.Blood flows from the renal artery into the glomerulus.Watch and Do7Task Two:Error Correction3.One kidney can absorb 125 milliliters of fluid per minute or 20 percent of all the fluid delivered via the renal arteries.This fluid is called filtrate,and in one day the glomeruli produce about 180 liters of it.This is 70 times the total blood plasma volume in our bodies.4.The disease-diabetes insipidus,can cause death by dehydration.During the next step of filtration,called re-absorption,the filtrate passes from Bowmans capsule into the renal tubule.5.In the final step,called secretion,any solutes remaining in the capillaries that were not filtered out originally are secreted into what is left of the filtrate.Watch and Do8 Task Three:Description Our kidneys work as a filter to preserve our bodys water volume.They filter all the blood and remove urine which contains cellular waste by-products.The filtering process involves three steps.The first step is called absorption.A nephron consists of a bulb called Bowmans capsule filled with glomerulus and a renal tubule.Blood flows into the glomerulus,and blood pressure forces much of the blood plasma,the fluid portion of the blood through the cell walls and into Bowmans capsule,called the filtrate.Watch and Do9 Task Three:Description During the next step of filtration,or re-absorption,the filtrate passes from Bowmans capsule into the renal tubule.Here most of the filtrate is re-absorbed back into the capillaries surrounding the tubule and return to the blood stream.This step allows needed water and nutritional substances to be maintained at a useful level in the blood stream.Waste,extra water and other substances are removed.In the final step,called secretion,solutes that were not filtered out originally are secreted into what is left of the filtrate.Watch and Do10Part II Diseases Related to the Urinary System11Part IIDiseases Related to the Urinary SystemVideo OneUrinary Tract InfectionVideo TwoChronic Kidney DiseaseAudioHeavy Smokers at Risk for Deadly Kidney Cancer12Video One Urinary Tract Infection13Think and TalkSome risk factors that give rise to UTIs include:1.UTIs maybe hereditary and bladder infection may run in families.2.Actually,the urine formed by the kidney and stored in the bladder is sterile,but the germs around the rectal area could pass through the urethra into the urinary tract.3.Sexual intercourse increases the chance of UTIs.4.People who have abnormity in unitary tract are at higher risks of catching UTIs,and using catheter for a long time help cause the disease as well.5.Other diseases such as diabetes affecting immune function become one of the risk factors for UTIs.Reference14Part II-Video OneThink and Talk In most cases,UTIs can be treated easily.Some methods could be effective in preventing occurrence of UTIs.1.Urinate when you want to and dont hold it.2.Wipe from front to back after urination or bowel movement.3.Avoid using bubble sprays or other substances that irritate the urethra.4.Keep good hygiene habit.5.Drink plenty of water daily.Reference15Part II-Video OneWatch and DoTask One:Blank Filling(1)urine (2)bladder (3)stored (4)passed (5)sterile(6)c