(新高考)高考英语二轮复习讲义第2部分 语法专题语法专题专题一 第1讲　谓语动词 (含答案)

第1讲　谓语动词 考点一　动词的时态 At first，Jack wasn’t fond of studying and was addicted to computer games.Every time his mother went① to his room，she found that he was playing② computer games.His father had condemned③ him many times before he went to middle school，so he promised that he would study④ hard and quit computer games. It is amazing that Jack has changed⑤ a lot in the past three years.Whenever asked about Jack’s performance at school，his mother always answers⑥ proudly，“He has been making⑦ progress.”He is making⑧ preparations for the college entrance exams. There is no doubt that Jack will be admitted to⑨ a good college if he keeps working hard like this.Maybe in the near future he will be studying⑩ in a key university. 注释：①是一般过去时，结构为：谓语动词用过去式形式。②是过去进行时，结构为：was/were＋现在分词。③是过去完成时，结构为：had＋过去分词。④是过去将来时，结构为：would＋动词原形。⑤是现在完成时，结构为：have/has＋过去分词。⑥是一般现在时，结构为：谓语动词为动词原形或动词的第三人称单数形式。⑦是现在完成进行时，结构为：have/has been＋现在分词。⑧是现在进行时，结构为：am/is/are＋现在分词。⑨是一般将来时，结构为：will＋动词原形。⑩是将来进行时，结构为：will＋be＋现在分词。 一、词形变化 在时态的变化中，动词的形式需要发生相应的变化。动词形式不正确已经成为英语写作中重要的扣分因素。因此，要注意在不同时态中的词形变化。 形式 变化规则 构成方法 例词 原形 see，finish，teach，touch 三单 一般情况 直接加-s look—looks，write—writes 以-ch，-sh，-s，-x结尾 加-es teach—teaches，finish—finishes guess—guesses，mix—mixes 以“辅音＋o”结尾 加-es do—does，go—goes 以“辅音字母＋y”结尾 变y为i 加-es try—tries，cry—cries 过去式 一般情况 直接加-ed destroy—destroyed，look—looked 以不发音-e结尾 直接加-d decide—decided，hope—hoped 以重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母 双写辅音字母加-ed stop—stopped，admit—admitted 以“辅音字母＋y”结尾 变y为i加-ed carry—carried，try—tried 现在分词 一般情况 直接加-ing go—going，read—reading 以不发音-e结尾 去e加-ing have—having，write—writing 以重读闭音节结尾，且末尾只有一个辅音字母 双写辅音字母加-ing cut—cutting，run—running 二、核心考点 高考中通常把时态和语境结合起来考查。题干中往往没有明确的时间状语，需要考生搜索出时间参照信息。英语有16种时态，中学阶段常用的有10种。 1．一般现在时 (1)常常表示人的习惯或经常性发生的动作。常用的时间状语有always，usually，often，sometimes，every day等。 I usually do my homework in the evening every day.我通常每天晚上做作业。 (2)在时间、条件等状语从句中常用一般现在时代替一般将来时。 They’ll stand by you even if you don’t succeed. 即使你不成功，他们也会支持你。 (3)表示客观事实、真理、格言或者警句等。 Practice makes perfect.熟能生巧。 2．一般过去时 (1)表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常与yesterday，last year，three years ago，the other day等时间状语连用。 He arrived at school at 9∶00 am yesterday. 他昨天上午九点到学校。 (2)根据上下文或主从句提示。 I didn’t pass the exam，which made my parents very angry. 我没有通过考试，这让我父母很生气。 3．一般将来时 表示将来的动作或状态或临时做出的决定，常用will/shall＋动词原形或者is/am/are going to do，常与表示将来的时间状语tomorrow，next week等连用。 It is said that he will retire next month. 据说他将于下个月卸任。 点对点练习1 单句语法填空 1．The curtains are about to open，and in a few minutes the action and dialogue will tell(tell) you the story. 2．While running regularly can’t make you live forever，the review says it is(be) more effective at lengthening life than walking，cycling or swimming. 3．We hired(hire) our bikes from the rental place at the South Gate.My bike was old and shaky but did the job.(2021·全国甲) 4．现在进行时 (1)表示说话时正在进行或发生的动作，也可表示现阶段正在进行的动作或存在的状态。 He is playing basketball on the playground. 他正在操场上打篮球。 (2)某些表示位置移动的动词，如go，come，leave，arrive，start，move等可用现在进行时表示即将发生或计划要做的动作。 John as well as his sister is setting off for Tokyo tomorrow morning. 约翰和姐姐明天早上要动身去东京。 (3)与always，often，constantly等频度副词连用，表示经常反复的行为或某种感情色彩。感情色彩可褒可贬。 The girl is always talking aloud in public. 这个女孩总是在公共场合大声说话。 5．过去进行时 (1)表示过去某一时刻正在发生的动作或过去某一个阶段内一直在进行的动作。 Mrs Green was preparing lunch at eleven this morning.格林太太今天上午11点正准备午餐。 (2)表示动作在另一个过去的动作发生时正在进行，常与when，while引导的时间状语从句连用。 The teacher came in while the boy was reading a novel.那个男孩正在读小说时老师进来了。 6．将来进行时 表示将来某一时刻或某一段时间里正在进行的动作，常与一些标志性的时间状语连用。 Don’t phone me between 5 and 6.We’ll be having dinner then. 五点至六点之间不要给我打电话，那时我们在吃饭。 点对点练习2 单句语法填空 1．She was playing(play) with the cellphone when her boss walked into the office. 2．Next Friday I will go to another concert.They will be playing(play) something by Mozart at that time. 3．—Hi，let’s go skating. —Sorry，I’m busy right now.I am filling(fill) in an application form for a new job. 7．现在完成时 (1)表示动作或过程发生在说话之前某个没有明确说出的过去时间，但现在已经完成，且结果仍对现在有影响。 —I’m sorry，but I don’t quite follow you.Did you say you wanted to return on September 20? —Sorry，I haven’t made myself clear.We want to return on October 20. ——对不起，我没完全明白你的话。你是说你们打算9月20号回来吗？ ——对不起，我没有表达清楚。我们打算10月20号回来。 (2)表示一个动作从过去开始，一直延续到现在，可能还要继续下去。 His first novel has received good reviews since it came out last month. 他的第一部小说自上个月出版以来获得了许多好评。 (3)考查现在完成时，往往有较为明显的时间状语。如already，just，yet，since，for＋时间段，up to now，until now，ever since，so far，recently，lately，in the past/last few years等。 I have learned more than two hundred English words in the past three hours. 在过去的3小时里我已经学了200多个英语单词了。 (4)下列句型中常用现在完成时。 It has been＋一段时间＋since从句 This/That/It is the first/second...time that＋现在完成时 This/That/It is the best/finest/most interesting...＋名词＋that＋现在完成时 This is the first time that I have made a speech. 这是我第一次做演讲。 It is the most interesting novel that I have ever read.这是我所读过的最有趣的小说。 8．过去完成时 (1)表示在过去某一时间以前已经完成的动作。常见的时间状语有by，by the end of，by the time，until，before，since，后接表示过去某