备战2022年高考英语一轮考点微专题17 长难句与复杂句子分析(原卷版)

考向17 长难句与复杂句子分析 一、长难句的常见形式 1．复合句 这些句子往往较长，一个从句套着另一个从句。其实，不管句子有多长、多复杂，它只由两部分构成，即主干和修饰成分。主干主要指主谓宾结构(如：I want a ticket.)或主系表结构(如：The man is a teacher.)。而修饰成分在句中只起修饰或补充主干的作用，它既可以是单词，也可以是短语，更常见的则是从句，尤其是定语从句和状语从句。应通过仔细分析，将每个修饰成分划出来，找出句子的主干，这样整个句子结构就清晰了。 I urge you to contact your state legislators to move this legislation forward so that this weekend will be one of the last times when we have to “fall back”． 分析：此句的主语为I，谓语是urge, so that引导的结果状语从句。在结果状语从句中when引导定语从句。 2．分隔结构 高考试题中出现较多的分隔结构是插入语、用破折号插入的新话题或补充信息。此外，还有一些句子成分(一般是定语)过长而出现后置，也可以看作是插入现象。 “The results are pretty exciting—strong levels of reductions—but there clearly are going to be things to be learned from the areas where the reductions are not as great.” said Penn State University professor Elizabeth McGraw. 提醒：分析长难句时务必注意这些非限制性修饰成分，它们打断了原来的行文逻辑，插入补充了一些额外的信息。 3．成分省略或倒装 在英语句子中，用词简洁是一条重要的修辞原则。省略主要是为了避免重复，突出关键词并使上下文紧密连接。有时为了强调句子表达的重心，对句子进行倒装。 By the end of the century, if not sooner, the world's oceans will be bluer and greener thanks to a warming climate, according to a new study. 分析：此句正常语序为： By the end of the century, if it is not sooner, the world's oceans will be bluer and greener thanks to a warming climate, according to a new study. 二、长难句突破策略 通过语法分析，迅速弄清句子的结构，把握句子的基本框架的基本步骤是：首先，判断该句是简单句、并列句还是复合句；然后，找出句子的核心成分，分清主语和谓语，再分清句子的附属成分。 方法一：较复杂单句的处理方法——找主谓语，即找主干成分 较复杂单句在高考试卷中经常出现，所以应引起同学们的足够重视。 (2020·浙江1月高考阅读C)A key skill set for success is persistence (毅力), a characteristic that researchers say is heavily influenced by fathers. 分析：主语是A key skill，谓语是is，表语是persistence, a characteristic是同位语，解释说明persistence。that引导同位语从句，解释名词characteristic。 方法二：并列复合句的处理方法——找并列连词 There was a bit of me that didn't want to love this when everyone else on the planet did, but the horror story is brilliant. 分析：句中的but是并列连词，连接两个并列单句。 方法三：主从复合句的处理方法——找从属连词 (2020·浙江1月高考阅读C)A key finding is that over time, children raised by an authoritative father were significantly more likely to develop persistence, which leads to better outcomes in school. 分析：该句主语是A key finding, that引导表语从句，从句中含有which引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰名词persistence。 方法四：并列和主从复合句并存的处理方法——先读懂并列复合句，再看主从复合句 (2019·北京高考阅读)“It'll be a while before we can statistically show that the changes are happening because of climate change，” Dutkiewicz said, “but the change in the color of the ocean will be one of the early warning signals that we really have changed our planet.” 分析：but引导两个并列的主从复合句， but前的主从复合句中是before引导的时间状语从句，该从句中show后是that引导的宾语从句； but后的主从复合句中，主语是the change，谓语是will be, that引导的同位语从句，解释说明名词signals的内容。 【检测训练】 一、单项选择 1. The old man was puzzled by the fact that ________ medicine he took, ________ he seemed to be. A. the less, the better B. the most, the worst C. little, well D. the more, and the worst 2. To enjoy the scenery, I would rather ________ more hours on the train than travel by air. A. spend B. to spend C. spending D. spent 3. ________ is no doubt that the Rio Olympics were a great success. A. There B. It C. When D. If 4. As they were educated by the same teacher, ________was no wonder that they should do the work in a similar way. A. this B. that C. there D. it 5. Work harder, Jim. __________you practice, __________ you can understand. A. The most; the best B. The more; the better C. The less; the better D. The least; the worst 6. --- How was your weekend, Bella? --- Awful! It was the first time I ________ alone at home, bored to death. A. has left B. had left C. has been left D. had been left 7. It was the first time that she ______ such a heavy rain. A. had witnessed B. has witnessed C. should witness D. witnessed 8. This is why many young people suffer an identity trouble ___ it comes to beauty. A. when B. how C. that D. where 9. —The weather forecast says it’s going to rain tomorrow. —Well, I prefer___________ rather than___________ on a rainy day. A. going out; staying at home B. to stay at home; go out C. going out; stay at home D. staying at home; to go out 10. You look rather tired. ____________ stop to have a rest? A. How about B. What about C. Why not D. Why don’t 11. We were heatedly arguing about the financial matter _______the telephone rang unexpectedly. A. while B. as C. as soon as D. when 12. --I will never forget the day ______ I came to the new campus for the first time. --- ______. On setting foot on the campus, I was impressed ______ the beauty of it. A. which; So will I; by B. that; Neither I will; with C. when; Neither will I; by D. when; Neither will I; on 13. Electricity plays __________ part in our life that it is unimaginable to live without it. A. such important B. so important C. such important a D. so important a 14. That was not the first time he ______ us. I think it’s high time we ______ strong actions against him. A. had betrayed; take B. had betrayed; took C. has betrayed; took D. has betrayed; take 15. ___________is required that under no circumstances _______he betray his motherland even if there are temptations like money or beauty