名校版高考语法单项填空题的解题技巧

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名校版高考语法单项填空题的解题技巧 一.句子的基本特征: 一) 简单句:英语中的简单句的最大特征就是每个句子中有且只有一个谓语动词,省略句和并列谓语除外,并列谓语之间至少是最后两个之间要加连词。 1.____ some of this juice----- perhaps you`ll like it.(NMET2000年春季北京,23) A. Trying B. Try C. To try D. Have tried 根据句意,可以看出破折号之前应该是一个表示建议的句子,要用祈使句来表达,所以答案是B。 2.Old Mcdonald gave up smoking for a while, but soon _____ to his old days. (NMET2000年春季北京,9) A. retured B.returns C. was returning D. had returned 该题是考查时态的题目,但对连词but的关注可以降低该题的难度,因为but连接的应该是与gave up并列的谓语,其形式应该保持一致,所以答案是A。 3. The bell _____ the end of the period rang, ______our heated discussion.(2001 上海,39) A. indicating; interrupting B. indicated; interrupting C. indicating; interrupted D. indicated; interrupted 从题干上可以看出, 该句的谓语动词是rang, 其前后都没有连词,所以要填的两个部分都不可能是谓语动词, 再从语态上加以分析, the bell 与indicate and interrupt 之间都是主动关系, 所以要用现在分词,该题的答案是A。 二) 复合句:两个分句之间有且只有一个连词,逗号不能连接两个分句。 1. All the preparation for the task_____, and we`re ready to start. (NMET2000年春季北京,19) A. completed B. complete C. had been completed D. have been completed 该题不是仅仅靠句子的基本特征就能解决的问题,因为它牵扯到了动词的时态和语态的问题,但是连词and的作用也是不可忽视的,该连词说明了前面应该是一个完整的句子,综合考虑答案是D。如果将该题稍微改动一下,即把连词and去掉,前半部分就不可能再是一个完整的句子,而只能是一个独立主格结构作状语,所以答案是A。 2._____ it with me and I`ll see what I can do. (NMET 1998) A. When left B. Leaving C. If you leave D. Leave 从and的作用上可以看出,and之前只能是一个不带连词的句子,因此When引导的省略句,分词短语和If 从句都不合适,所以答案为D。 3._____ and I`ll get the work finished. (2006重庆) A. Have one more hour B. One more hour C. Given one more hour D. If I have one more hour 该句与上题很相似,但难度有所增加,因为从and的作用上可以看出,分词短语和if 从句都不合适,可A项却是祈使句,经过语意分析,不难发现A项尽管形式正确,但have表达“有”这一意义时,是不能用于祈使句的,该题牵扯到特殊用法,即在这类条件与结果并存的并列句中,我们可以用一个名词短语替代祈使句,所以答案是B。 4. There are two buildings, _____ stands nearly a hundred feet high.(2004湖北) A.the larger B. the larger of them C. the larger one that D. the larger of which 从复合句的特征分析,一眼便可看出A和B都不正确。如果选C,that引导的是一个定语从句,two buildings 和the larger one便失去了必要的连接手段,再根据定语从句解题的基本原则----“代入原则”即把先行词带到从句中便可看出实际要表达的意思是the larger of the two buildings, 所以答案D。 5. Jim passed the driving test, _____ surprised everybody in the office.(2005浙江) a) which B. that C. this D. it 该题与上题十分相似,C和D 都不对,而that 是不能引导非限制性定语从句的,所以答案是A。 6.Have you seen the film “Titanic”, _____leading actor is world famous.(2001上海) A. its B. it`s C. whose D. which 该题像第3题一样,根据复合句的基本特征和定语从句的“代入原则”,答案是C。 7._____ is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month.(2001全国高考) A. It B. As C. That D. What 通过分析可以看出,该句缺少一个连词,这个连词应该替代后一个句子的含义和内容,并在从句中做主语,所以答案是B。这种考查as引导非限制性定语从句的用法和it的区别的题目在高考中是常见的。但是该题稍加变动便可成为与之相关的另外两个题目: 7a. _____is known to everybody that the moon travels round the earth once every month. 7b. _____is known to everybody is that the moon travels round the earth once every month. 经过类似的分析便可以看出7a的答案是A,即用It 作形式主语,而7b的答案是D,因为,该句有三个分句组成,应有两个连词。 8.I was told that there were about 50 foreign students____ Chinese in the school, most____ were from Germany.(2006辽宁) A. study; of whom B. study; of them C. studying; of them D. studying; of whom 该题采取了将简单句和复合句的特征相结合的考查方式,从there were … students___ Chinese in the school 来看,只能用非谓语动词,所以应在C和D中选择一个;从逗号后面的句子来看应用一个连词,所以应在A和D中选择,综合分析该题的答案是D。 二.句子的层次分析与句子成分的还原: 如上文所述,英语中的句子是按照较为固定的顺序以意群为层次将词和词组排列起来的语言单位,因此,掌握意群的划分,便可明确句子的结构,将变化后的某些句子成份还原至原来的位置,这样就可有效避免不必要的干扰,提高解题的准确性。 1. Mr. Reed made up his mind to devote all he had to _____ some schools for poor children.(2001,上海) A. set up B. setting up C. have set up D. having set up 该题如果把he had to 看成一个意群的话,必然会出现错误,实际上,he had 仅是一个定语从句,修饰all, 一起充当devote的宾语,构成devote sth. to doing 结构,再者,后面的动作set up是将要发生的而非完成的,所以答案是B。 2._____ the meeting himself gave them a great deal of encouragement.(2003, 上海) A. The president will attend B. The president to attend C. The president attended D. The president`s attending 通过分析可以看出该句缺少主语,再根据该题选项的提示,A和C是句子,不管时态是否正确,它们都不可能是正确答案,因为作主语时连词that是不能省略的;B项的这种不定式形式是不能作主语的;所以只能用D,即动名词的复合结构作主语。 3. The manager discussed the plan that they would like to see____ the next year.(2000, 全国) A. carry out B. carrying out C. carried out D. to carry out 4. I have many friends, _____some are businessmen.(2005, 全国) A. of them B. from which C. who of D. of whom 5. There are altogether eleven books on the shelf, _____ five are mine.(2005,全国) A. on which B. in which C. of which D. from which 以上三题的解题方法是非常相似的,只要把先行词有效地放进从句中,就可看出答案。第3题把plan 放进从句中便构成了see sth. done 型,因此答案是C;第4题应是some of my friends, 两句之间应有一个连词,所以答案是D;第5题是five of the eleven books, 所以答案是C。 上述解决定语从句的方法本人把它称作“代入原则”,即 确定了两句构成了一个含有定语从句的主从复合句之后,我们便可以把先行词代入从句,能直接代入的就要用某一个关系代词,不能直接代入的一般有三种情况:关系副词,介词加关系代词或关系代词whose。例如: 6. Do you still remember the chicken farm____ we visited three months ago.(2005,北京) A. where B. when C. that D. what 该句中我们可以把the chicken farm直接用作visited的宾语,所以答案是C。 7. We are living in an age____many things are done on computer.(2003,北京) A. which B. that C. whose D. when 该题中的后半句缺少的是时间状语,an age 不可能直接放进去作状语,所以答案是D。 8. American women usually identify their best friend as someone____ they can talk frequently.(2004, 上海) A. who B. as C. about which D. with whom 该题题干的后半句应该是talk to\with
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