摩擦学原理(全套ppt课件)

n在购车经费一定的情况下，你买车时首先考虑的因素有那些？列举三个，各用一句话来说明。3IntroductionnTribology:Tribology is the science,application science,which deals with of the two surfaces having relative movement,or moving trend,covers Friction,Lubrication and Wear.It has some research field related to Physics,Chemistry,Metallurgy,Material Science,Rheology,Hydromechanics,Elasticity,Viscoelasticity,Thermodynamics,as well as,Machinery Science and so on.“2012中国汽车产业发展高层论坛”n2012年10月在钓鱼台国宾馆举行“2012中国汽车产业发展高层论坛”。n中国汽车协会副会长董扬在发言中指出，中国汽车市场的发展空间依旧宽广，2020年之前应会保持与GDP增长率一致的发展速度。“中国汽车已经连续两年增长，这个市场到底有多大？2020年之前，中国汽车应该能够在产销数量用大于等于GDP的数额增长，由于当前我国人均的汽车数量还很低，从现代社会大生产的结构要求来讲，需要更多的汽车；第三个原因是现在中国的机动车数量最多的不是汽车，而是摩托车，这其中蕴含着因为升级换代带来的巨大增长空间。n“现在我国汽车有1亿辆，摩托车1亿3000万辆。这些摩托司机都有一个梦，梦见两轮变成四轮，摩托车变成汽车。摩托车的升级有着巨大的市场。”中国汽车工业协会2012年中国汽车产销量双双超过了1900万辆，轿车销售达到了1074万辆，其中中德、中日、中美、中韩、中法等合资企业在中国实现汽车销售250万辆、190万辆、196万辆、172万辆，105万辆，和44万辆。中国汽车工业协会统计分析，2013年1-9月，中国品牌乘用车共销售512.50万辆，同比增长12.14%，德系、日系、美系、韩系和法系乘用车分别销售254.17万辆、198.28万辆、160.46万辆、116.12万辆和40万辆，分别占乘用车销售总量的19.78%、15.43%、12.49%、9.04%和3.11%。中国汽车1-9月产销量1281万辆.2012款奥迪A6L2.5L30FSI手自一体，最大功率140KW140KW*2000万辆=28亿千瓦The highest efficiency of Internal-combustion engine is less than 30%Oil energy have more than 50%waste as heat，With the rest,there are 20%energy used to control the devices.there are about 30%energy used for over come the friction，2%gears,5%bearings and so on。9nThe Wheel is the most successful example of Tribological design.And lubricant has been used for more than three thousand years.nBy estimate，1/31/2 energy sources,consumed by human,owing to friction and wear。nFrom Leonardo da Vinci(1452-1519)to Sir Jost report in 1960s.Tribology from single,isolated study becomes a research field of systematically study of friction,lubrication and wear10MainAreasinTribologynFriction(摩擦)nWear(磨损)nLubrication(润滑)LeonardodaVinci秦始皇兵马俑铜车马的1号车Researchtextured surface SampleoftexturedsurfaceundermicroscopeWithouttexture，frictioncoefficient0.06910v15min,Withtexture，deepness3mfrictioncoefficient0.031square textureDouble layer 1Double layer 2Surface texture 表面织构表面织构Surface texture by laserType of texture，a-triangle，b-square，c-circle；1-convexly，2-concave Surface textureBearings,pistonrings 17Part one,Theory of tribology.Introduction、solid surface,friction and wear nIncludingsurfacetopographyparameters,surfacestructure,surfaceproperties.nlubricantanditsproperties,basicfrictiontheoryandwearmeasuringmethods。nwearmechanism、lawofwear,wearmeasurementandanti-weardesign，weartypeclassify,wearmechanism,wearingprocedureandpattern,conversionofwear,calculationofwear,andexperimentalmethodofwearandfriction,aswellastestingdevice。Generalmethodsofthefrictionstateanalysis,wear-outfailureanalysis,antifriction,antiwearanalysis.Main contents of Automotive Tribology 18Part two,lubrication theorynIncludingReynoldsequation,lubricationdesignoftypicalelements,Generalnumericalmethodsforlubricationcalculation,conversionoflubricationstate，namely：fromfluidlubricationtoelasto-hydrodynamiclubrication,fromelasto-hydrodynamiclubricationtothin-filmlubrication,effectsofrarefiedgas,failureoflubricationandboundarylubrication。Main contents of Automotive Tribology 19nFriction is one of three major parts of tribology.Friction phenomenon is also the earliest phenomenon observed by human beings。nthe friction theory studies the friction surface morphology(形态),texture,contact status,layer of friction surface.Introduction of the friction theory20Chapterone-frictionsurfaceanalysisnSurface topography properties and statistical approach.Surface error in geometrical form,surface roughness and surface topography statistical parameter。nAnalyzing the friction surface properties,such as,wetting angle,surface energy and surface adsorption。nAnalyzing the contact problem of roughened surface。By introduce contact area,contact model，to analyze the contact stress,contact deformation in the contact elements along its deepness，which involve statistics,Physical chemistry,materials science and elasticity.nIntroduction of the friction status and the methods of how to distinguish the different friction status.21RealsurfaceairBase metalBasemetalWork-hardenedlayerAdsorbedgasBieby layerOxideinclusion22Chapterone,Analysisoffrictionsurfacen1.1Surface topography parameters and statisticsnsurface topography（表面形貌）surface topography，also know as,surface geometry characteristic，it indicate the micro-,unregular geometrical shape of the components surface,such as,roughness粗糙度,waviness波度、form error形状误差,texture纹理,and so on。23n1.1.1geometricalformerrorofsurface24(a)formerror(形状偏差)(b)waviness(波纹度)(c)roughness(粗糙度)图1.1RealSurfaceprofile(实际表面轮廓)Thesurfacegeometricalcharacteristicpayimportantroleinthefriction,wearandlubricationundermixturelubrication(混合润滑)anddrycontactcondition（干摩擦）roughnesswavinessformerrorRealSurfaceprofilePartialenlargedview(realsurfaceprofile)(geometricalprofile)261Macro-geometricalformerror（宏观几何形状误差）nMacro-geometricalformerror又称为surfaceformerror（表面形状偏差），主要是用不直度、不平度表示平面几何形状误差。n不直度是指在指定方向上，其实际的轮廓线与理论直线的直度偏差，当用刀形样板平尺进行校验时