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大綱時光旅行的科與幻軸對稱時光機發展簡史（廣義相對論架構下）為何時光可能倒流軸對稱時光機的直覺解釋光錐結構的深入探討容許封閉類時曲線的時空淺探：究竟是物理還是數學？時光旅行的科與幻軸對稱時光機發展簡史（廣義相對論架構下）為何時光可能倒流軸對稱時光機的直覺解釋光錐結構的深入探討容許封閉類時曲線的時空淺探：究竟是物理還是數學？時光旅行的科幻鼻祖“The Time Machine”(1895)Herbert George Wells(1866-1946)http:/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/H_G_WellsChapter One Clearly,the Time Traveller proceeded,any real body must have extension in FOUR directions:it must have Length,Breadth,Thickness,and-Duration.But through a natural infirmity of the flesh,which I will explain to you in a moment,we incline to overlook this fact.There are really four dimensions,three which we call the three planes of Space,and a fourth,Time.There is,however,a tendency to draw an unreal distinction between the former three dimensions and the latter,because it happens that our consciousness moves intermittently in one direction along the latter from the beginning to the end of our lives.介於科學和科幻之間的時光旅行Wheeler-Feynman(1940)穿梭超時空穿梭超時空p319“All You Zombies”圖解http:/ a Stationary Cosmology in the Sense of Einsteins Theory of Gravitation”van Stockum,W.(1937)“The gravitational field of a distribution of particles rotating around an axis of symmetry”Tipler,F.(1974)“Rotating Cylinders and the Possibility of Global Causality Violation”A definite axisInteriorExterior最著名的Gdel,K.(1949)“An example of a new type of cosmological solution of Einsteins field equations of gravitation”Kurt Friedrich Gdel(1906-1978)One of the most significant logicians of all time.http:/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurt_G%C3%B6del Gdels UniverseStationary but not StaticAnisotropic but HomogeneousAxially symmetric but without a definite axisInconsistent with observations最有可能的Kerr,R.(1963)“Gravitational field of a spinning mass as an example of algebraically special metrics”Newman E.et al(1965)“Metric of a Rotating,Charged Mass”最善用媒體的Mallett,R.(2003)“The gravitational field of a circulating light beam”時光旅行的科與幻軸對稱時光機發展簡史（廣義相對論架構下）為何時光可能倒流軸對稱時光機的直覺解釋光錐結構的深入探討容許封閉類時曲線的時空淺探：究竟是物理還是數學？Light cones in the flat spacetime http:/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Light_cone3 inertial observers,1 light conehttp:/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minkowski_diagramHow about non-inertial observers?Light cones in the curved spacetimeFairly distortedHighly distortedTimelike Curve(類時曲線)http:/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Light_cone Closed Timelike Curve(CTC)(封閉類時曲線)Fairly distorted coneHighly distorted cone時光旅行的科與幻軸對稱時光機發展簡史（廣義相對論架構下）為何時光可能倒流軸對稱時光機的直覺解釋光錐結構的深入探討容許封閉類時曲線的時空淺探：究竟是物理還是數學？時空拖曳效應(frame dragging)frame dragging distorted conesripples as an analogy t t t t時空拖曳效應的理論與實驗證據LenseThirring precession(1918)LAGEOS(1976)LAGEOS 2(1992)Gravity Probe B(2004)Gravitomagnitism(重力磁性)static charge electric fieldrotating charge electric field+magnetic fieldsstatic mass gravitational fieldrotating mass gravitational field+gravitomagnetic field時光旅行的科與幻軸對稱時光機發展簡史（廣義相對論架構下）為何時光可能倒流軸對稱時光機的直覺解釋光錐結構的深入探討容許封閉類時曲線的時空淺探：究竟是物理還是數學？玩具模型的重要性 e.g.S2e.g.1-dim Ising model介於兩種相對論之間的問題 平直時空中的加速度運動孿生子矛盾等加速座標系旋轉座標系等加速座標系造成的重力假象 等效原理(equivalence principle)Right http:/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rindler_coordinatesLeft http:/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperbolic_motion_(relativity)X=1X1XNot unique!旋轉座標系造成的拖曳假象 arXiv:0905.0765v1 gr-qcRotation in relativity and the propagation of light,p33時光旅行的科與幻軸對稱時光機發展簡史（廣義相對論架構下）為何時光可能倒流軸對稱時光機的直覺解釋光錐結構的深入探討容許封閉類時曲線的時空淺探：究竟是物理還是數學？CTC!http:/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SinearXiv:1008.1127v1 gr-qc Closed timelike curves and causality violation,p5arXiv:0708.2324v2 gr-qcA twist in the geometry of rotating black holes:seeking the cause of acausality,p13 (-,+,+,+)arXiv:0708.2324v2 gr-qcA twist in the geometry of rotating black holes:seeking the cause of acausality,p9時光旅行的科與幻軸對稱時光機發展簡史（廣義相對論架構下）為何時光可能倒流軸對稱時光機的直覺解釋光錐結構的深入探討容許封閉類時曲線的時空淺探：究竟是物理還是數學？David Deutsch(1991)“Quantum Mechanics near closed timelike lines”Stephen Hawking(1992)“Chronology protection conjecture”感謝清大研究生阮英偉協助蒐集資料