人教版英语九年级ppt课件Unit7+Grammar

语态：表示语态：表示主语主语和和谓语动词谓语动词之间的关系。之间的关系。英语有英语有两种语态两种语态，即，即主动语态主动语态和和被动语态被动语态。主动语态：表示主语是动作的执行者。主动语态：表示主语是动作的执行者。被动语态：表示主语是动作的承受者。被动语态：表示主语是动作的承受者。如：如：ManystudentsstudyEnglish.(主动语态主动语态)Englishisstudiedbymanystudents.(被动语态被动语态)语态语态什么时候可以使用被动语态呢？什么时候可以使用被动语态呢？一、行为主体不明确，不必说出或者无法说一、行为主体不明确，不必说出或者无法说出动作的执行者时。例如：出动作的执行者时。例如：Suchbooksarewrittenforchildren.这些书是为儿童写的。这些书是为儿童写的。Footballisplayedallovertheworld二、不易找到或根本就不可能找到动作的执二、不易找到或根本就不可能找到动作的执行者时。例如：行者时。例如：Mybikewasstolen我的自行车被盗了。我的自行车被盗了。三、汉语中含有三、汉语中含有“据说据说”、“据悉据悉”、“有人说有人说”、“大家说大家说”等时。例如：等时。例如：ItissaidthatonedayheclimbedtothetopofahouseandItwasreportedthathermotherdiedofSARS.众所周知众所周知Itiswellknownthat据推测说据推测说Itissupposedthat四、汉语中含有四、汉语中含有“被被”、“由由”等词时。等词时。例如：例如：TinaisaskedtocomebyPaulTina是被是被Paul叫来的。叫来的。五、某些句子习惯上用被动语态。例如：五、某些句子习惯上用被动语态。例如：HewasborninOctober，1989Theflowerseveryday.arewatered byherShewaterstheflowerseveryday.主谓宾后面能接宾语的动词才有被动语态后面能接宾语的动词才有被动语态主动变被动的方法:Shewaterstheflowerseveryday.主谓宾Theflowersarewateredbyhereveryday.总结:主语主语be+P.Pby+宾语宾语1.将主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。将主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。2.将主动语态的谓语动词由主动变为被动将主动语态的谓语动词由主动变为被动3.将主动语态的主语变为被动语态中介词将主动语态的主语变为被动语态中介词by的宾语放在谓动词之后的宾语放在谓动词之后运用一下吧运用一下吧be+done被动语态的基本结构被动语态的基本结构:有各种时态的变化有各种时态的变化考点一考点一:1.am,is,are2.was,were3.willbe/isgoingtobe4.can/may/could/must/mightbe5.have/hasbeen6.hadbeenbymanystudents.1.ManystudentsstudyEnglish.English isstudied2.Theymakeshoesinthatfactory.Shoes aremadebythem inthatfactory.一）一般现在时的被动语态结构：一）一般现在时的被动语态结构：is/are+过去分词过去分词TheyplayfootballonSunday.Lucydoesthehomeworkintheevening.Theyoftenusecomputersinclass.WemakethesemachinesinBeijing.FootballisplayedbythemonSunday.ThehomeworkisdonebyLucyintheevening.Computersareoftenusedbytheminclass.ThesemachinesaremadebyusinBeijing.1.Theyboughtacomputerlasttermbythemlastterm.2.2.一般过去时的被动语态结构：一般过去时的被动语态结构：was/were+过去分词过去分词lastyear.2.Weplantedmanytreeslastyear.ManytreeswereplantedAcomputerwasboughtTheybuiltthetallbuildinglastyear.Hetookgoodcareofhislittlebrotheryesterday.Wecleanedourclassroomjustnow.Theyusedtheroomsforresting.Thetallbuildingwasbuiltbythemlastyear.Hislittlebrotherwastakengoodcareofbyhimyesterday.Ourclassroomwascleanedbyusjustnow.Theroomswereusedforrestingbythem.4.4.含有情态动词的被动语态结构：含有情态动词的被动语态结构：can/may/must/should+be+过去分词过去分词1.AmycantakegoodcareofGinabyAmy.Ginacanbetakengoodcareof2.Youshoulddrinkmorewater.Morewater shouldbedrunkbyyou.1.Hecantakecareofthebaby.2.Lucymaydrawthepictures.3.Youmustturnoffthelights.4.TheyshouldlearnEnglishwell.Thebabycanbetakencareofbyhim.ThepicturemaybedrawnbyLucy.Thelightsmustbeturnedoffbyyou.Englishshouldbelearnedwellbythem.一般现在时：一般现在时：一般过去时：一般过去时：情态动词情态动词:am/is/are+done情态动词情态动词+be+donewas/were+done以下时态的被动语态构成以下时态的被动语态构成SummaryTask4考点二考点二:被动语态中的特殊情况被动语态中的特殊情况:被动语态的几种类型被动语态的几种类型1.1.带带双宾语双宾语句子的被动语态句子的被动语态.一般把间接宾语变为一般把间接宾语变为被动语态的主语，则另一个不动。如把直接宾语变为被动被动语态的主语，则另一个不动。如把直接宾语变为被动语态的主语则需在间宾前加语态的主语则需在间宾前加forfor或或toto如：如：1.Hegavemeabook.Iwasgivenabookbyhim.AbookwasgiventomebyTom.2.Iboughthimabook.Hewasboughtabookbyme.Abookwasbuoghtforhimbyme.givesb.sthbuysbsth-sbbegivensthsbbeboughtsth-sthbegiventosb.sthbeboughtforsb.【考点考点】givesb.sth.passsb.sth.sellsb.sth.lendsb.sth.bringsb.sth.makesb.sth.buysb.sth.Sthbegiventosb.Sth.bepassedtosb.Sth.besoldtosb.Sth.belenttosb.Sth.bebroughttosb.Sth.bemadeforsb.Sth.beboughtforsb.主动主动被动被动【考点考点】sbbeaskedtodosbbetoldtodosbbeinvitedtodosbbechosentodosbbeencouragedtodosbbeallowedtodoasksb.todotellsb.todoinvitesb.todochoosesb.todoencouragesb.todoallowsb.todo主动主动被动被动2.主动语态为带主动语态为带to的动词不定式的动词不定式Mumtoldmetostayathome.Iwastoldtostayathome.1.IsawhimplaybasketballlastSunday.He wasseentoplaybasketballlastSunday.2.Thebossmakeshimworkfor10hours.He ismadetoworkfor10hours.3.3.在主动语态中省去在主动语态中省去toto,在变为被动语态时在变为被动语态时应加上应加上to.to.即即hear,watch,see,make,let,hear,watch,see,make,let,这这些词在变被动句时必须加些词在变被动句时必须加to.to.makesbdosth-sbbemadetodosth.seesbdosthsbbeseentodosth.【考点考点】makesb.doletsb.doseesb.dohearsb.dowatchsb.dosbbemadetodosbsbbelettodosbbeseentodosbbeheardtodosbbewatchedtodo主动主动被动被动Theytakegoodcareofmychild.Iturnedofftheradio.4.含有短语的主动语态变被动语态含有短语的主动语态变被动语态,注意短语要完整，不能掉了介词注意短语要完整，不能掉了介词-Mychildistakengoodcareof.-Theradiowasturnedoff(byme).【考点考点】lookforlookaftertakecareofhandinlaughatspeaktobelookedforbelookedafterbetakencareofbehandedinbelaughedatbespokento不要漏掉介词不要漏掉介词.【考点考点】没有被动语态的词或短语没有被动语态的词或短语.cost,happen,takeplace,closedown,feel,sound,taste,smell,look,comeout,comeup,breakdown,standfor,这些词主要分为一下几类：这些词主要分为一下几类：1）look.smell.sound.feel.taste等作连系动词用等作连系动词用时，主动形式表被动意义。时，主动形式表被动意义。Eg.棉花摸起来很柔软棉花摸起来很柔软。Cottonfeelssoft.这老妇人看起来焦急这老妇人看起来焦急Theoldwomanlooksworried.2)write（很好写）（很好写）read（很好看）（很好看）sell（卖得好）（卖得好）wash（很好洗）（很好洗）open（商店开门）（商店开门）last(持续很持续很久）等常用主动表被动久）等常用主动表被动。Eg这笔很好用。这笔很好用。Thispenwriteswell.这书很畅销这书很畅销Thisbooksellswell.Theshopwillopenateightoclock.3)动词动词need,require，allow等接动名词等接动名词doing作宾语作宾语构成主动结构表被动含义构成主动结构表被动含义他的鞋需要修理。他的鞋需要修理。Heneededtomendhisshoes.Hisshoesneededtobemended.Hisshoesneededmending.need,allow可以用可以用-ing形式表示被动形式表示被动needtobedone=needdoingbeallowedtodo=allowdoing4)不及物动词不及物动词没有被动语态，如：没有被动语态，如：happen（发生）（发生）,takeplace（发生