2020中学教师资格(统考)《英语学科知识与教学能力》第四章课件

英语学科知识与教学能力（中学）教师资格（统考）精讲班授课老师:第四章第四章 阅读理解阅读理解第一节选材特点一、题材阅读理解主要是考查考生综合运用所学语言知识的能力，包括阅读能力、理解能力、归纳概括能力、逻辑推理能力以及对材料的评估能力等。试题中所选的阅读文章题材多样化，涉及政治经济、社会文化、风俗习惯、历史地理、科学技术等各个方面。第一节选材特点二、体裁阅读理解体裁多样化，包括：1.记叙文：往往按时间顺序展开段落，文章有明显表示时间先后的词语。阅读时抓住时间这条主线，弄清who、what、where、why与how。2.说明文：多见于科普文章，用以解释或揭示事物的状态、特征、演变、结果及其相互之间的关系，这类文体的文章，首句往往是主题句，开门见山，说明文章的关注对象：弄清作者的思路和段落组织的方式；把握次要信息及其与主题的关系。第一节选材特点3.议论文：文章的结构往往容易把握，用主题句开门见山。作者往往通过信号词和关联词来组织段落、文章。对信号词的迅速反应和对关联词的准确判断是至关重要的；要特别注意区分作者的观点与文章里所提到的人物的观点，同时注意作者所使用的表示赞同、反对等感情色彩的词汇。4.应用文：新闻报道、广告、通知、操作说明、表格等，要求学生能看懂这类阅读材料尤其是时下出题的趋势，要求考生阅读理解准确率高、阅读速度快。第一节选材特点第二节题型分类第二节题型分类无论文章是何种体裁和题材，阅读理解题的出题形式都可以归纳为四种类型，分别是：主旨题、细节题、含义题和推断题。每一种题型都有鲜明的特点和明确的解题思路。因此要做好阅读理解题，首先要学会分辨题型，然后对症下药，使用相应的解题技巧。下面根据不同题型进行分类介绍。第二节题型分类（一）主旨题1.主题类Thepassagemainlydiscusses.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?Whatdoesthewritermainlytellus?Whichofthefollowingcansummarizethemainideaofthistext?Whichofthefollowingbestexpressesthemainidea?Whatisthesubject/topicdiscussedinthetext?2.目的类Whatistheauthorsmainpurposeinthepassage?Theauthorsmainpurposeinwritingthepassageisto.Thepassageismeantto.3.标题类Thebesttitleforthepassagemightbe.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?Thebestheadlineforthisnewspaperarticleis.第二节题型分类（1）找出主题句。Example 1Peoplehavedifferenttastesinfood.Somefeelthattheyhaventeatenamealunlesstheyhavehadsteakorotherredmeat.Somepreferchickenorfishandeatoneortheotherateverymeal.Othersprefervegetablesandfruitsorgrainsandwouldenjoyamealofspaghetti,eggplant,andfreshfruit.第二节题型分类Otherscouldliveonwhatwerecalledfastfoods:ahamburgerorhotdog,Frenchfriesandasoftdrink.Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestexpressesthemainideaoftheparagraph?A.Somepeoplelikesteakandothersredmeat.B.Vegetablesareveryhealthyforyou.C.Howfoodispreparedhasalottodowithhowwellapersonmaylikeit.D.Differentpeoplehavedifferenttastesinfood.第二节题型分类Example2 AmericansmightbeembarrassedbecausetheirJapanesefriendsaresoformalwiththem.JapanesemightfeelinsultedbecauseAmericanacquaintancesgreetthemcasually.Still,theformsofgreetinginbothcountriesonlyshowrespectforothers.ItjusthappensthatAmericansandJapanesehaveadifferentwayoflookingathumanrelationshipsandthushaveadifferentwayofshowingrespect.第二节题型分类Thispassagemainlytellsus_.A.howAmericansshowrespecttoothersB.howJapaneseshowrespecttotheirAmericanacquaintancesC.AmericansandJapanesehavedifferentwaysofshowingrespectD.JapanesearenotsatisfiedwithAmericancasualbehavior第二节题型分类Example3InspiteofthefactthatcarsfromGermanyandJapanarefloodingtheAmericanmarket,Ford,GeneralMotors,andChryslerareemployingmoreworkersthaneverbefore.ThefloodofcheaperforeigncarshasnotcostAmericanautoworkerstheirjobsassomeexpertspredicted.FordoperatesasfarasAsia,andGeneralMotorsisconsideredAustraliasbiggestemployer.第二节题型分类YetGeneralMotorshasitshugeAmericanworkforceandemployshundredsofpeopleeverydaytomeettheneedsofaninsatiablesociety.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A.TheforeigncarshavenottakenawaythejobsofAmericanautoworkers.B.GeneralMotorsisoneofthelargestcarproducers.C.FordoperatesnotonlyintheUSA,butalsoinAsia.D.ThefloodofcheaperforeigncarsisterribleforAmericanautoworkers.第二节题型分类（2）概括和归纳出主题思想。实际上，有的文章是没有主题句的。这就需要靠读者自己进行概括或归纳隐含的主题思想了。概括主题可以从归纳每段的要点开始，最后将各段要点集中就是全文的主题思想。第二节题型分类第二节题型分类Example 4Somepeopleliketogotobeachoralakeforrecreation.Theyenjoytheswimmingorboatingthatisavailablethere.Otherpeople,especiallyinthehotsummer,prefercleanairandcoolmountainbreezes.Somepeoplelikeexcitementandentertainment.Theygottoshowsandnightclubs.Stillotherpeoplefindthatstayinghomewiththefamilyandenjoyingthetogethernessofspendingtimewithlovedonesisthemostpleasurableexperienceofall.第二节题型分类Whichofthefollowingbestexpressesthemainideaofthepassage?A.Peopleenjoydifferentkindsofrecreation.B.Somepeoplelikestayingathomewiththeirfamilies.C.Somepeopleloveswimmingandboating.D.Somepeoplearericherthanothers.第二节题型分类（二）细节题1.是非题WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?Whichofthefollowingistrueabout.?Accordingtothepassage/.,whichofthefollowingistrue?Allofthefollowingare(not)true/mentionedEXCEPT_.Theauthormentionsalloftheitemslistedbelowthefollowingexcept_.第二节题型分类Example 1AstheEOLdevelops,youmightfinditusefulforschoolprojects.Thesitewillfeaturespecialpagesforkidswhoarestudyingecosystems(生态系统)intheirneighborhoods.Tomakesuretheencyclopediaisaccurate,scientistswillreviewmuchoftheinformationaddedtoit.Peoplewhovisitthesitewillbeabletochoosetoleaveoutpagesthathaventbeenreviewed.第二节题型分类AnotherconvenientfeatureoftheEOListhatyoullbeabletopickthelevelofdetailyouseetomatchyourinterests,age,andcurrentknowledge.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?A.TheEOLwillbebeneficialtoschoolkidswithitsdevelopment.B.Scientistswillrevieweverypieceoftheinformationadded.第二节题型分类C.Scientistshavecatalogedonlyasmallpartofthelivingspecies.D.PeoplewithdifferentinterestsandknowledgewillinawayfindtheEOLuseful.Example 2ThenewstudytookplaceinDaresSalaam.4,200pregnantwomenreceivedmultivitamins.ThepillscontainedallofthevitaminsintheBgroupalongwithvitaminsCandE.Theyalsocontainedseveraltimesmoreironandfolatethanthelevelsadvisedforwomenind